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<p>Slope stability analysis is a fundamental topic in geotechnical engineering and engineering geology, and reclaimed coral sand shorelines on reef islands face similar challenges. The peak shear strength of coral sand is a key factor in slope instability, while the residual strength is crucial for secondary sliding of the slope. Under prolonged hydrodynamic and geological actions, shoreline failure commonly evolves in multiple, progressive stages; even transient landslides exhibit velocity transitions from slow to rapid motion. This study investigates dry and water-saturated coral sand with particle sizes &lt; 2&#xa0;mm using continuous ring shear tests conducted at shear rates from 0.01 to 100&#xa0;mm/min. The results show that, regardless of axial stress, the peak shear strength and residual strength exhibit a slight positive rate effect at low and high shear rates, while a negative rate effect is observed at medium shear rates. At high shear rates, shear strength again shows a positive correlation. At all rate stages, dry specimens attain higher peak strength than saturated specimens. We further analyze the rate dependence of coral sand and the associated micromechanical kinematic modes. These findings support development of a sliding-friction constitutive model for coral sand and refinement of the relationship between sliding rate and strength, and they provide strength data relevant to establishing a rolling-friction constitutive model for coral sand.</p>

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Peak and residual shear strength of coral sand under progressively accelerated ring shear

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Tingting Liu,
  • Wenxu Huang,
  • Zhigang Duan,
  • Kaiwen Song,
  • Jin Sun,
  • Yuxuan Liu,
  • Teng Si

摘要

Slope stability analysis is a fundamental topic in geotechnical engineering and engineering geology, and reclaimed coral sand shorelines on reef islands face similar challenges. The peak shear strength of coral sand is a key factor in slope instability, while the residual strength is crucial for secondary sliding of the slope. Under prolonged hydrodynamic and geological actions, shoreline failure commonly evolves in multiple, progressive stages; even transient landslides exhibit velocity transitions from slow to rapid motion. This study investigates dry and water-saturated coral sand with particle sizes < 2 mm using continuous ring shear tests conducted at shear rates from 0.01 to 100 mm/min. The results show that, regardless of axial stress, the peak shear strength and residual strength exhibit a slight positive rate effect at low and high shear rates, while a negative rate effect is observed at medium shear rates. At high shear rates, shear strength again shows a positive correlation. At all rate stages, dry specimens attain higher peak strength than saturated specimens. We further analyze the rate dependence of coral sand and the associated micromechanical kinematic modes. These findings support development of a sliding-friction constitutive model for coral sand and refinement of the relationship between sliding rate and strength, and they provide strength data relevant to establishing a rolling-friction constitutive model for coral sand.