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<p>A fractional-order thermo–mechanical micromechanical model is developed to capture the nonlinear behavior of quasi-brittle rocks under elevated temperature and confining pressure in this study. Formulated within irreversible thermodynamics, the model treats key parameters, including friction and damage resistance, as temperature-dependent, and incorporates a fractional-order plastic potential to account for the non-coaxiality. Incremental formulations under both strain- and stress-controlled loading are derived, and model parameters are calibrated against experimental data. The model is validated using high-temperature triaxial tests on three types of rocks, namely white sandstone, Bamiao Tunnel sandstone, and carbonate rock, demonstrating its capability to accurately reproduce not only stress–strain responses but also volumetric strain behavior and damage evolution. The fractional-order parameter plays a crucial role in capturing nonlocality, significantly enhancing predictions of thermally induced deformation and failure.</p>

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A fractional-order thermo–mechanical micromechanical model for quasi-brittle rocks under elevated temperature and confining pressure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Jin Zhang,
  • Boran Huang,
  • Sili Liu,
  • Qi-Zhi Zhu,
  • Jian-Fu Shao

摘要

A fractional-order thermo–mechanical micromechanical model is developed to capture the nonlinear behavior of quasi-brittle rocks under elevated temperature and confining pressure in this study. Formulated within irreversible thermodynamics, the model treats key parameters, including friction and damage resistance, as temperature-dependent, and incorporates a fractional-order plastic potential to account for the non-coaxiality. Incremental formulations under both strain- and stress-controlled loading are derived, and model parameters are calibrated against experimental data. The model is validated using high-temperature triaxial tests on three types of rocks, namely white sandstone, Bamiao Tunnel sandstone, and carbonate rock, demonstrating its capability to accurately reproduce not only stress–strain responses but also volumetric strain behavior and damage evolution. The fractional-order parameter plays a crucial role in capturing nonlocality, significantly enhancing predictions of thermally induced deformation and failure.