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<p>Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the generation of excess pore pressure and stiffness degradation, caused by seismic loading, lead to a transition of the soil state from solid to fluid-like behavior. Recently, the concept of considering liquefied soil as a non-Newtonian fluid has become a convincing approach for investigating liquefaction behavior. In this paper, the Casson fluid model was used to investigate the fluid behavior of clean sand in whole liquefaction process. The results demonstrated that the viscosity and shear strain rate of the soil can be represented by a single variable parameter (Casson yield stress) in the Casson fluid model, whereas other models like the Power law require more parameters. The Casson yield stress was found to be dependent on factors such as effective consolidation stress, relative density, loading frequency, and soil types. The Casson yield stress decreased as the excess pore pressure ratio (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({r}_{u}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) increased, which can serve as an accurate indicator for identifying liquefaction triggering. The soil during post-liquefaction process was more vulnerable to liquefy than initial specimens under same conditions before the <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({r}_{u}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>r</mi> <mi>u</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> dissipated to 0.65, while conversely, the specimens have better liquefaction resistance. The results of this study provided a new perspective on fluid characteristics of soil.</p>

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Experimental study on apparent viscosity and yield stress of clean sand in whole liquefaction process based on the Casson fluid model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月4日

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  • Xiao Xie,
  • Yumin Chen,
  • Saeed Sarajpoor,
  • Xiaofei Yao,
  • Yi Han,
  • Junwei Guo

摘要

Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the generation of excess pore pressure and stiffness degradation, caused by seismic loading, lead to a transition of the soil state from solid to fluid-like behavior. Recently, the concept of considering liquefied soil as a non-Newtonian fluid has become a convincing approach for investigating liquefaction behavior. In this paper, the Casson fluid model was used to investigate the fluid behavior of clean sand in whole liquefaction process. The results demonstrated that the viscosity and shear strain rate of the soil can be represented by a single variable parameter (Casson yield stress) in the Casson fluid model, whereas other models like the Power law require more parameters. The Casson yield stress was found to be dependent on factors such as effective consolidation stress, relative density, loading frequency, and soil types. The Casson yield stress decreased as the excess pore pressure ratio ( \({r}_{u}\) r u ) increased, which can serve as an accurate indicator for identifying liquefaction triggering. The soil during post-liquefaction process was more vulnerable to liquefy than initial specimens under same conditions before the \({r}_{u}\) r u dissipated to 0.65, while conversely, the specimens have better liquefaction resistance. The results of this study provided a new perspective on fluid characteristics of soil.