<p>Particle size and shape significantly influence the crushing behaviors of rockfill materials. In this study, single-particle crushing tests were conducted on Baihetan rockfill particles with four size groups. Particle shape was quantified using parameters derived from 3D scanning. The results show that both particle size and shape significantly affect the crushing behaviors. The particle crushing modes are categorized into splitting, chipping, and explosive. Larger particles and particles with shapes closer to ellipsoids and cuboids are more prone to explosive failure, whereas smaller particles and particles with reduced corner sharpness tend to experience major splitting without prior localized fragmentation. The crushing force, crushing energy, and their variability all increase with particle size, and the effect of shape on the crushing behaviors also increases with particle size. The applicability of the Weibull model in describing the size effects on the crushing strength was evaluated. The particle shape effect was incorporated into the calculation of crushing strength using a shape factor determined by an artificial neural networks algorithm. A probabilistic model was developed to predict the crushing strength distribution based on the particle size and shape parameters.</p>