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<p>We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of the normal type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) 2021pfs, which occurred in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5427 at a redshift of 0.009. SN 2021pfs reached an absolute <i>B</i>-band peak magnitude of <i>M</i><sub>max</sub>(<i>B</i>) =−19.28 ± 0.40 mag and a post-peak decline rate of Δ<i>m</i><sub>15</sub>(<i>B</i>) =1.13 ± 0.06 mag. The observed properties of this nearby SN Ia closely resemble those of SN 2011fe, including the main optical spectroscopic features and photometric evolution. Despite their similar decline rates, SN 2021pfs rose more rapidly in the <i>U</i> band but more slowly in the <i>r</i> and <i>i</i> bands compared to SN 2011fe in very early phases. This photometric difference, particularly at short wavelengths, can introduce a systematic uncertainty of up to ∼12% in distance estimates. Analysis of the host galaxy’s local and global environment shows an environment consistent with producing a higher-metallicity progenitor for SN 2021pfs than that of SN 2011fe. This higher progenitor metallicity may explain the observed photometric discrepancy and the resulting distance between SN 2021pfs and SN 2011fe, though a larger sample of such “twin” SNe Ia is needed to confirm this trend and assess its impact on cosmological measurements.</p>

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SN 2021pfs: A type Ia supernova likely affected by progenitor metallicity, as revealed by comparison with its twin counterpart

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Abdusamatjan Iskandar,
  • Xiaofeng Wang,
  • Ali Esamdin,
  • Wenxiong Li,
  • Xiangyun Zeng,
  • Ruifeng Huang,
  • Maokai Hu,
  • Guoliang Lü,
  • D. Andrew Howell,
  • Curtis McCully,
  • Samuel Wyatt,
  • Daichi Hiramatsu,
  • Estefania Padilla Gonzalez,
  • Craig Pellegrino,
  • Megan Newsome,
  • Lluís Galbany,
  • David J. Sand,
  • Nathan Smith,
  • Huei Sears

摘要

We present extensive photometric and spectroscopic observations of the normal type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) 2021pfs, which occurred in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5427 at a redshift of 0.009. SN 2021pfs reached an absolute B-band peak magnitude of Mmax(B) =−19.28 ± 0.40 mag and a post-peak decline rate of Δm15(B) =1.13 ± 0.06 mag. The observed properties of this nearby SN Ia closely resemble those of SN 2011fe, including the main optical spectroscopic features and photometric evolution. Despite their similar decline rates, SN 2021pfs rose more rapidly in the U band but more slowly in the r and i bands compared to SN 2011fe in very early phases. This photometric difference, particularly at short wavelengths, can introduce a systematic uncertainty of up to ∼12% in distance estimates. Analysis of the host galaxy’s local and global environment shows an environment consistent with producing a higher-metallicity progenitor for SN 2021pfs than that of SN 2011fe. This higher progenitor metallicity may explain the observed photometric discrepancy and the resulting distance between SN 2021pfs and SN 2011fe, though a larger sample of such “twin” SNe Ia is needed to confirm this trend and assess its impact on cosmological measurements.