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<p>Quantum networks play a pivotal role in the advancement of quantum technologies, expanding the scope of applications and communication distances. However, the absence of practical quantum repeaters poses a significant obstacle to large-scale network construction. Trusted repeater networks, on the other hand, utilize classical trusted repeaters to connect users, thereby sacrificing the information-theoretic security advantage inherent in quantum communication. In this study, we propose a scheme for constructing a fully quantum network in which any two users are directly connected via a switchable optical router, ensuring information-theoretic security across the entire network with existing technologies. Considering that the practical point-to-point quantum communication distance in optical fibers has reached 100 km, our scheme effectively addresses the challenge of building a fully quantum network within an urban area. A 40-km-long functional quantum network has been established using commercial optical links, enabling full operations of tasks such as quantum secure direct communication and quantum key distribution.</p>

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Constructing practical fully quantum networks within intracity areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Feihao Zhang,
  • Min Wang,
  • Xiuwei Chen,
  • Penghao Niu,
  • Ruisong Bao,
  • Jianxing Guo,
  • Dong Pan,
  • Gui-Lu Long

摘要

Quantum networks play a pivotal role in the advancement of quantum technologies, expanding the scope of applications and communication distances. However, the absence of practical quantum repeaters poses a significant obstacle to large-scale network construction. Trusted repeater networks, on the other hand, utilize classical trusted repeaters to connect users, thereby sacrificing the information-theoretic security advantage inherent in quantum communication. In this study, we propose a scheme for constructing a fully quantum network in which any two users are directly connected via a switchable optical router, ensuring information-theoretic security across the entire network with existing technologies. Considering that the practical point-to-point quantum communication distance in optical fibers has reached 100 km, our scheme effectively addresses the challenge of building a fully quantum network within an urban area. A 40-km-long functional quantum network has been established using commercial optical links, enabling full operations of tasks such as quantum secure direct communication and quantum key distribution.