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<p>As China’s first X-ray astronomy satellite, the hard X-ray modulation telescope (Insight-HXMT) carries three sets of X-ray telescopes. The high energy X-ray telescope (<i>Insight</i>-HXMT/HE) could serve as an all-sky gamma-ray monitor with a detection area of up to 5000 cm<sup>2</sup> and energy range from about 200 keV to 3 MeV. These characteristics, together with the high orbital inclination angle (43°) of the satellite, make the HE very suitable for detecting terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). In this work, we implemented a dedicated TGF search algorithm for Insight-HXMT/HE, and identified 282 bright TGFs in its first four years of operation. We made a systematic study on the properties of these TGFs, including trigger time, duration, intensity, as well as the lightning association. We found that TGFs detected in mid-latitude regions (30° to 43°) are rare and they do not exhibit significantly different properties compared with TGFs in low-latitude (within 30°). Interestingly, the hardness ratio of TGF measured by <i>Insight</i>-HXMT/HE seems to be independent of the TGF duration, which differs from previous studies. These results show that, despite the dedicated design for astronomical observation, <i>Insight</i>-HXMT/HE is a versatile instrument to study energetic radiation phenomena from the Earth.</p>

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First results of terrestrial gamma-ray flash observed by Insight-HXMT

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月11日

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  • Qibin Yi,
  • Yi Zhao,
  • Shaolin Xiong,
  • Xuejuan Yang,
  • Ce Cai,
  • Shuo Xiao,
  • Gang Li,
  • Gaopeng Lu,
  • Hongbo Zhang,
  • Fanchao Lyu,
  • Wei Xu,
  • Xiaobo Li,
  • Chengkui Li,
  • Mingyu Ge,
  • Haisheng Zhao,
  • Wangchen Xue,
  • Jiacong Liu,
  • Chao Zheng,
  • Yanqiu Zhang,
  • Chenwei Wang,
  • Wenjun Tan,
  • Shenglun Xie,
  • Yue Huang,
  • Zhi Chang,
  • Congzhan Liu,
  • Fangjun Lu,
  • Liming Song,
  • Yupeng Xu,
  • Zhen Zhang,
  • Shuangnan Zhang,
  • Tipei Li

摘要

As China’s first X-ray astronomy satellite, the hard X-ray modulation telescope (Insight-HXMT) carries three sets of X-ray telescopes. The high energy X-ray telescope (Insight-HXMT/HE) could serve as an all-sky gamma-ray monitor with a detection area of up to 5000 cm2 and energy range from about 200 keV to 3 MeV. These characteristics, together with the high orbital inclination angle (43°) of the satellite, make the HE very suitable for detecting terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs). In this work, we implemented a dedicated TGF search algorithm for Insight-HXMT/HE, and identified 282 bright TGFs in its first four years of operation. We made a systematic study on the properties of these TGFs, including trigger time, duration, intensity, as well as the lightning association. We found that TGFs detected in mid-latitude regions (30° to 43°) are rare and they do not exhibit significantly different properties compared with TGFs in low-latitude (within 30°). Interestingly, the hardness ratio of TGF measured by Insight-HXMT/HE seems to be independent of the TGF duration, which differs from previous studies. These results show that, despite the dedicated design for astronomical observation, Insight-HXMT/HE is a versatile instrument to study energetic radiation phenomena from the Earth.