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<p>Integrated optical fiber sensing and communication (IOFSAC) represents a groundbreaking approach in fiber-optic technologies, merging data transmission with environmental monitoring to optimize infrastructure utilization and enhance network reliability, surveillance, and disaster resilience. This paradigm integrates sensing and communication through diverse methods, such as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) based on backward Rayleigh scattering for high-resolution strain and vibration detection, forward-transmission based optical phase sensing for precise long-distance vibration sensing and localization, and state of polarization (SOP) sensing for rapid, cost-effective disturbance monitoring with relaxed laser requirements. In this paper, we synthesize the theoretical foundations of these techniques, recent technical innovations, and their integration with modern coherent and intensity modulation direct detection (IMDD) communication systems, covering multiplexing schemes, nonlinear impairment mitigation, and hardware-sharing architectures. Furthermore, we compare the respective strengths and limitations of DAS, phase, and SOP sensing, and highlight emerging hybrid and passive optical network (PON)-based IOFSAC schemes. Finally, we outline future directions toward scalable, multi-modal, and resilient fiber-optic networks.</p>

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Towards converged networks: a review of integrated optical fiber sensing and communication

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Liwang Lu,
  • Yaxi Yan,
  • Bang Yang,
  • Yanfu Yang,
  • Alan Pak Tao Lau,
  • Chao Lu

摘要

Integrated optical fiber sensing and communication (IOFSAC) represents a groundbreaking approach in fiber-optic technologies, merging data transmission with environmental monitoring to optimize infrastructure utilization and enhance network reliability, surveillance, and disaster resilience. This paradigm integrates sensing and communication through diverse methods, such as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) based on backward Rayleigh scattering for high-resolution strain and vibration detection, forward-transmission based optical phase sensing for precise long-distance vibration sensing and localization, and state of polarization (SOP) sensing for rapid, cost-effective disturbance monitoring with relaxed laser requirements. In this paper, we synthesize the theoretical foundations of these techniques, recent technical innovations, and their integration with modern coherent and intensity modulation direct detection (IMDD) communication systems, covering multiplexing schemes, nonlinear impairment mitigation, and hardware-sharing architectures. Furthermore, we compare the respective strengths and limitations of DAS, phase, and SOP sensing, and highlight emerging hybrid and passive optical network (PON)-based IOFSAC schemes. Finally, we outline future directions toward scalable, multi-modal, and resilient fiber-optic networks.