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<p>This paper designs a wideband phased array using a hybrid beamforming architecture that employs true-time-delay (TTD) circuits at the subarray level and phase shifters (PS) at the element level to effectively mitigate beam squint. For a practical demonstration, a 1024-element large-scale array is constructed by tiling four 256-element Ku-band phased array panels, which are fed by four TTD chips. An experimental comparison is conducted between two configurations: a conventional architecture relying solely on internal phase shifters for beam steering, and the proposed hybrid architecture. The experimental results demonstrate that at a 60° scan angle, the proposed architecture reduces the maximum beam pointing error across an 800 MHz bandwidth from ±3.5° to ±1°. This significant improvement in scan dispersion characteristics directly translates to enhanced communication quality: when transmitting a 600 MHz bandwidth 64QAM signal, the system’s error vector magnitude (EVM) improves from an unacceptable &lt;7% to &lt;2%. This work validates the effectiveness of the hybrid architecture for building scalable, high-performance, large-aperture phased array systems, offering a critical technical pathway for the development of next-generation satellite communication and radar systems.</p>

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Design of a wideband phased array using true-time-delay and phase-shifter (TTD-PS) hybrid beamforming for beam squint mitigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Shan Jiang,
  • Peigen Yu,
  • Huiqi Liu,
  • Jingjuan Hu,
  • Dixian Zhao

摘要

This paper designs a wideband phased array using a hybrid beamforming architecture that employs true-time-delay (TTD) circuits at the subarray level and phase shifters (PS) at the element level to effectively mitigate beam squint. For a practical demonstration, a 1024-element large-scale array is constructed by tiling four 256-element Ku-band phased array panels, which are fed by four TTD chips. An experimental comparison is conducted between two configurations: a conventional architecture relying solely on internal phase shifters for beam steering, and the proposed hybrid architecture. The experimental results demonstrate that at a 60° scan angle, the proposed architecture reduces the maximum beam pointing error across an 800 MHz bandwidth from ±3.5° to ±1°. This significant improvement in scan dispersion characteristics directly translates to enhanced communication quality: when transmitting a 600 MHz bandwidth 64QAM signal, the system’s error vector magnitude (EVM) improves from an unacceptable <7% to <2%. This work validates the effectiveness of the hybrid architecture for building scalable, high-performance, large-aperture phased array systems, offering a critical technical pathway for the development of next-generation satellite communication and radar systems.