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<p>Multifunctional and long-lifespan memory is a promising element for implementing hardware in-memory computing (IMC) architectures. In this study, a universal content addressable memory (CAM) is proposed based on two high-endurance NOR flash (2F) memory cells, supporting binary CAM, ternary CAM, multibit CAM, and analog CAM modes. The proposed universal CAM unit facilitates 5-bit nonvolatile storage and 10<sup>10</sup> program/erase cycles with minimal energy consumption of ∼0.27 fJ/bit/search. Furthermore, 16 types of functionally complete Boolean logic functions (e.g., AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR) are demonstrated through distinct mapping rules. These findings may offer considerable potential for developing energy-efficient, long-lifespan, and reconfigurable-logic IMC systems.</p>

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Universal content-addressable memory with high-endurance flash for functionally complete logic-in-memory computing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月4日

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  • Xinyi Guo,
  • Yang Feng,
  • Peng Guo,
  • Shaoqi Yang,
  • Xiaohuan Zhao,
  • Guangkuo Yang,
  • Jixuan Wu,
  • Xuepeng Zhan,
  • Jiezhi Chen

摘要

Multifunctional and long-lifespan memory is a promising element for implementing hardware in-memory computing (IMC) architectures. In this study, a universal content addressable memory (CAM) is proposed based on two high-endurance NOR flash (2F) memory cells, supporting binary CAM, ternary CAM, multibit CAM, and analog CAM modes. The proposed universal CAM unit facilitates 5-bit nonvolatile storage and 1010 program/erase cycles with minimal energy consumption of ∼0.27 fJ/bit/search. Furthermore, 16 types of functionally complete Boolean logic functions (e.g., AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR) are demonstrated through distinct mapping rules. These findings may offer considerable potential for developing energy-efficient, long-lifespan, and reconfigurable-logic IMC systems.