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<p>Quantum randomness, characterized by inherent unpredictability, is a critical resource for secure communications and statistical applications. While quantum entanglement-based randomness offers enhanced privacy through monogamy properties of entanglement, existing research mainly focuses on entanglement distribution (ED) scenarios, where maintaining entanglement faces serious challenges, especially in high-dimensional systems. The prepare-and-measure (PM) scenarios can solve this problem by directly characterizing the conditional probabilities. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a special type of entanglement and can certify randomness in a one-sided device-independent manner. Here, we propose a protocol to certify quantum randomness through EPR steering in the PM scenario, and experimentally realize it in high-dimensional systems. Our approach constructs a two-setting steering inequality and demonstrates that its violation certifies randomness generation. We find that with the increase of steering dimensions, this method enables higher noise tolerance. Experimental validation achieved a certified randomness of 1.2804 ± 0.0044 bits under genuine 4-dimensional steering, surpassing the one-bit threshold by 63.7 standard deviations. This result highlights the protocol’s robustness against noise and scalability in practical settings. Compared to ED-based schemes, our PM scenario simplifies experimental implementation while maintaining high security, making it particularly suitable for resource-efficient applications in cryptography and secure communication.</p>

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Experimental quantum randomness certification via Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in prepare-and-measure scenario

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月9日

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  • Xiaoting Huang,
  • Siyao Huang,
  • Zehong Chang,
  • Yunlong Wang,
  • Yu Xiang,
  • Hong Gao,
  • Fuli Li,
  • Pei Zhang

摘要

Quantum randomness, characterized by inherent unpredictability, is a critical resource for secure communications and statistical applications. While quantum entanglement-based randomness offers enhanced privacy through monogamy properties of entanglement, existing research mainly focuses on entanglement distribution (ED) scenarios, where maintaining entanglement faces serious challenges, especially in high-dimensional systems. The prepare-and-measure (PM) scenarios can solve this problem by directly characterizing the conditional probabilities. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a special type of entanglement and can certify randomness in a one-sided device-independent manner. Here, we propose a protocol to certify quantum randomness through EPR steering in the PM scenario, and experimentally realize it in high-dimensional systems. Our approach constructs a two-setting steering inequality and demonstrates that its violation certifies randomness generation. We find that with the increase of steering dimensions, this method enables higher noise tolerance. Experimental validation achieved a certified randomness of 1.2804 ± 0.0044 bits under genuine 4-dimensional steering, surpassing the one-bit threshold by 63.7 standard deviations. This result highlights the protocol’s robustness against noise and scalability in practical settings. Compared to ED-based schemes, our PM scenario simplifies experimental implementation while maintaining high security, making it particularly suitable for resource-efficient applications in cryptography and secure communication.