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<p>Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be significantly enhanced through the use of flexible wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors, potentially reducing CVD-related mortality. This paper introduces an ECG-on-Chip (EoC) solution tailored for flexible ECG sensors, incorporating novel features to address common challenges in wearable ECG technology. The EoC integrates a chopper-stabilized capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CS-CCIA), ensuring a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and low noise performance. Performance is further boosted via a positive feedback loop (PFL) and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with shared on-chip calibration logic, which enhances input impedance and minimizes gain variability to ensure consistent algorithm performance. Additionally, a secondary chopping technique is employed to further reduce noise, achieving an input-referred noise level of 454 nVrms. The embedded algorithm within the EoC is designed to extract clinically meaningful features, facilitating robust real-time arrhythmia analysis. Fabricated using a 0.18 µm CMOS process, the EoC consumes 14.9 µW with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The algorithm’s efficacy has been validated over 0.4 million heartbeats, demonstrating a sensitivity of over 99.7% for R-peak detection and 98.3% for arrhythmia analysis. To demonstrate practical application, the EoC has been integrated with a commercial Bluetooth low energy (BLE) transceiver, forming a wireless arrhythmia monitoring sensor equipped with dry electrodes. This system consumes 292.04 µW in arrhythmia-aware transmission mode, supporting 13 days of operation with a 30 mAh thin-film battery.</p>

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A dry-electrode enabled ECG-on-Chip with arrhythmia-aware data transmission

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月14日

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  • Xinzi Xu,
  • Yanxing Suo,
  • Yang Zhao,
  • Peiyi Zhou,
  • Xiao Han,
  • Qiao Cai,
  • Min Wang,
  • Jiajun Yuan,
  • Liebin Zhao,
  • Yongfu Li,
  • Guoxing Wang,
  • Yong Lian

摘要

Early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be significantly enhanced through the use of flexible wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors, potentially reducing CVD-related mortality. This paper introduces an ECG-on-Chip (EoC) solution tailored for flexible ECG sensors, incorporating novel features to address common challenges in wearable ECG technology. The EoC integrates a chopper-stabilized capacitively-coupled instrumentation amplifier (CS-CCIA), ensuring a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and low noise performance. Performance is further boosted via a positive feedback loop (PFL) and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) with shared on-chip calibration logic, which enhances input impedance and minimizes gain variability to ensure consistent algorithm performance. Additionally, a secondary chopping technique is employed to further reduce noise, achieving an input-referred noise level of 454 nVrms. The embedded algorithm within the EoC is designed to extract clinically meaningful features, facilitating robust real-time arrhythmia analysis. Fabricated using a 0.18 µm CMOS process, the EoC consumes 14.9 µW with a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The algorithm’s efficacy has been validated over 0.4 million heartbeats, demonstrating a sensitivity of over 99.7% for R-peak detection and 98.3% for arrhythmia analysis. To demonstrate practical application, the EoC has been integrated with a commercial Bluetooth low energy (BLE) transceiver, forming a wireless arrhythmia monitoring sensor equipped with dry electrodes. This system consumes 292.04 µW in arrhythmia-aware transmission mode, supporting 13 days of operation with a 30 mAh thin-film battery.