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<p>Vacancy-refractory metal oxides (VRMOs) have a wide range of applications. However, the preparation of VRMO often requires high temperatures. Here, we develop a room temperature strategy for preparing VRMO through mechanical friction, in which a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube is used as a negative friction layer, aluminum powder (Al) is the reducing agent for oxides, liquid metal gallium (Ga) is used as positive friction media and a special “metal solvent” to disperse Al. All these materials are stirred in a vortex mixer with a power consumption of 7 W. This strategy can be used for the synthesis of more than a dozen kinds of oxygen vacancy-containing oxides and achieve mass production. Moreover, the obtained vacancy oxides have demonstrated excellent performance in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, respectively. This synthesis process utilizes green energy frictional electricity to break the limitations of high-temperature synthesis of vacancy VRMO, significantly reducing the energy consumption and achieving sustainable utilization of mechanical energy.</p>

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Oxygen vacancies from mechanical friction mediated by liquid metal at room temperature

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Shining Wu,
  • Yuting Zhang,
  • Chengyu Wei,
  • Jingzhe Zhao,
  • Mengyang Cao,
  • Lu Huang,
  • Yingpeng Wu

摘要

Vacancy-refractory metal oxides (VRMOs) have a wide range of applications. However, the preparation of VRMO often requires high temperatures. Here, we develop a room temperature strategy for preparing VRMO through mechanical friction, in which a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube is used as a negative friction layer, aluminum powder (Al) is the reducing agent for oxides, liquid metal gallium (Ga) is used as positive friction media and a special “metal solvent” to disperse Al. All these materials are stirred in a vortex mixer with a power consumption of 7 W. This strategy can be used for the synthesis of more than a dozen kinds of oxygen vacancy-containing oxides and achieve mass production. Moreover, the obtained vacancy oxides have demonstrated excellent performance in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, respectively. This synthesis process utilizes green energy frictional electricity to break the limitations of high-temperature synthesis of vacancy VRMO, significantly reducing the energy consumption and achieving sustainable utilization of mechanical energy.