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<p>Calcium carbide (CaC<sub>2</sub>) smelting process is the only large-scale ore treatment technique for CaC<sub>2</sub> production. This technique has a significant impact on carbon emissions and global warming. Electric arc furnaces (EAF) and calcination kilns (CK) are the most energy-consuming and carbon-emitting units. Therefore, it is crucial to study EAF and CK under a background of carbon neutrality, which has attracted the attention of many scholars from other fields, such as the ferroalloy industry. In this review, the distribution of electromagnetic-temperature-component multi-physical fields in EAF and the heat-mass transfer characteristics of gas-solid phases in CK are introduced, and the characteristics of key physical fields in the furnace, such as the temperature and flow fields, are summarized. By analyzing the key physical fields in the furnace, researchers can identify the problems that limit the performance of the smelting process. Moreover, regarding the performance enhancement methods for the EAF and CK, studies on fuel supply mechanism adjustment, charge composition optimization, and CO<sub>2</sub> recycling are mainly analyzed. Several practical technologies for reducing furnace carbon emissions have also been introduced, such as multi-electrode fuel supply technology for EAF and alternating heating technology for CK. Finally, further improvement in the smelting process in the areas of “energy homogenization heating and heat transmission augmentation”, “pollutant reduction and recycling”, and “matching process and intelligent control” is elucidated. This review provides an overview of the research on the distribution characteristics of multi-physical fields in key furnaces, as well as the introduction of new performance improvement methods that have emerged in production enterprises in recent years, which will assist researchers in improving the EAF and CK performance and will significantly contribute to carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets.</p>

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The review of key furnaces in CaC2 smelting process under the background of carbon neutrality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Xuan-kai Zhang,
  • Ya-ling He,
  • Qie Sun,
  • Lin Cheng

摘要

Calcium carbide (CaC2) smelting process is the only large-scale ore treatment technique for CaC2 production. This technique has a significant impact on carbon emissions and global warming. Electric arc furnaces (EAF) and calcination kilns (CK) are the most energy-consuming and carbon-emitting units. Therefore, it is crucial to study EAF and CK under a background of carbon neutrality, which has attracted the attention of many scholars from other fields, such as the ferroalloy industry. In this review, the distribution of electromagnetic-temperature-component multi-physical fields in EAF and the heat-mass transfer characteristics of gas-solid phases in CK are introduced, and the characteristics of key physical fields in the furnace, such as the temperature and flow fields, are summarized. By analyzing the key physical fields in the furnace, researchers can identify the problems that limit the performance of the smelting process. Moreover, regarding the performance enhancement methods for the EAF and CK, studies on fuel supply mechanism adjustment, charge composition optimization, and CO2 recycling are mainly analyzed. Several practical technologies for reducing furnace carbon emissions have also been introduced, such as multi-electrode fuel supply technology for EAF and alternating heating technology for CK. Finally, further improvement in the smelting process in the areas of “energy homogenization heating and heat transmission augmentation”, “pollutant reduction and recycling”, and “matching process and intelligent control” is elucidated. This review provides an overview of the research on the distribution characteristics of multi-physical fields in key furnaces, as well as the introduction of new performance improvement methods that have emerged in production enterprises in recent years, which will assist researchers in improving the EAF and CK performance and will significantly contribute to carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets.