<p>Long-term satellite observations have provided strong evidence for the persistent vegetation greening signal globally during the whole growing season. Yet, seasonal trends in greenness can show divergent patterns, driven by inconsistent seasonal warming rates and varying climate anomalies, which have not been sufficiently assessed. Here, we used remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to analyze vegetation greenness trends across four seasons [MAM (March–May), JJA (June–August), SON (September–November), DJF (December–February)] during 2000–2024. The influence of meteorological conditions on seasonal vegetation fluctuations was further assessed. Indeed, throughout the entire study period (2000–2024), the vegetation greenness in all four seasons showed a significant increasing trend, with the values ranging from 6.69×10⁻⁴ in MAM to 7.09×10⁻⁴ in JJA. These increasing trends, alongside short-term enhancements induced by favorable climate conditions, have contributed to the highest levels of global mean greenness in 2024 since 2000 for MAM and SON. While for JJA, despite the highest increasing trend among the four seasons, the global mean greenness in 2024 ranked only fourth since 2000, mainly due to short-term greenness decreases induced by heatwaves and droughts. In addition to co-occurring climates, the carryover effects of vegetation growth during the preceding seasons also modulated the seasonal vegetation growth anomalies during 2024 in certain regions, such as northern Central Asia. Considering that the carryover effects could be modulated by climate extremes, our findings thus highlight both the direct and indirect impacts of climate extremes, especially heatwaves and droughts, on seasonal vegetation growth.</p>