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<p>The air-sea system plays a key role in global climate system through regulating energy exchange and material cycling. ENSO, as the dominant mode of interannual air-sea variability, modulates sea surface temperature (SST), ocean circulation, and nutrient supply, thereby influencing atmospheric circulation, marine productivity, and the release of marine biogenic substances. Isoprene is the most abundant marine biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), playing a critical role in secondary organic aerosol formation and climate feedbacks. However, it remains unclear how ENSO drives interannual variations of marine BVOC emissions due to limited emission dataset and parameterization model. Here, we developed a long-term (1950–2020) global dataset of marine isoprene emissions incorporating both phytoplankton-derived biological processes and photochemical processes in the sea surface microlayer, generated through an advanced emission parameterization framework driven by reconstructed sea surface chlorophyll-a concentrations from a U-Net convolutional neural network. The interannual variability of marine isoprene emissions is largest in the equatorial Pacific region, showing strong correlation with ENSO dynamics. During El Niño winters, isoprene emissions in this region decrease by 2.34×10<sup>9</sup> g (16%) compared to La Niña conditions, representing the most pronounced seasonal emission contrast. ENSO-driven variabilities in SST, solar radiation, surface wind, and phytoplankton activity synergistically govern the isoprene air-sea exchange. This study provides new insights into the influence of ENSO on BVOC emissions and supports the enhancement of the predictability of air-sea material exchange processes on the interannual time scale.</p>

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Interannual variability in marine isoprene emissions modulated by ENSO dynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月20日

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  • Mengying Sun,
  • Lei Song,
  • Lehui Cui,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Yunting Xiao,
  • Libin Wu,
  • Wei Hu,
  • Pingqing Fu,
  • Jialei Zhu

摘要

The air-sea system plays a key role in global climate system through regulating energy exchange and material cycling. ENSO, as the dominant mode of interannual air-sea variability, modulates sea surface temperature (SST), ocean circulation, and nutrient supply, thereby influencing atmospheric circulation, marine productivity, and the release of marine biogenic substances. Isoprene is the most abundant marine biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), playing a critical role in secondary organic aerosol formation and climate feedbacks. However, it remains unclear how ENSO drives interannual variations of marine BVOC emissions due to limited emission dataset and parameterization model. Here, we developed a long-term (1950–2020) global dataset of marine isoprene emissions incorporating both phytoplankton-derived biological processes and photochemical processes in the sea surface microlayer, generated through an advanced emission parameterization framework driven by reconstructed sea surface chlorophyll-a concentrations from a U-Net convolutional neural network. The interannual variability of marine isoprene emissions is largest in the equatorial Pacific region, showing strong correlation with ENSO dynamics. During El Niño winters, isoprene emissions in this region decrease by 2.34×109 g (16%) compared to La Niña conditions, representing the most pronounced seasonal emission contrast. ENSO-driven variabilities in SST, solar radiation, surface wind, and phytoplankton activity synergistically govern the isoprene air-sea exchange. This study provides new insights into the influence of ENSO on BVOC emissions and supports the enhancement of the predictability of air-sea material exchange processes on the interannual time scale.