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<p>In this study, four numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the thermal effects of the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands (SEALLH) on the Bay of Bengal southwest monsoon (BOBSWM). Simulation results showed that the SEALLH’s total diabatic heating, individual latent heating, and individual sensible heating account for approximately 21%, 20%, and 4% of the total regional mean BOBSWM intensity, respectively. The latent heating rather than the sensible heating over the SEALLH plays a more crucial role in modulating the BOBSWM intensity. The physical processes connecting the diabatic heating over the SEALLH with the BOBSWM remain consistent across different diabatic heating types. When the diabatic heating is turned off over the SEALLH, the negative temperature anomalies in the lower troposphere occur with a relatively warmer core over the BOB and a relatively colder region in the terrestrial margins around the BOB. Such an anomalous temperature gradient in the lower troposphere induces an anomalous cyclone over the BOB by arousing an anomalous thermal contrast between the land and sea. Consequently, the enhanced southwesterly winds lead to a stronger BOBSWM.</p>

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Thermal effect of the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands on the Bay of Bengal southwest monsoon

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Yujing Liao,
  • Yun Tao,
  • Xiumei Zhou,
  • Jie Cao

摘要

In this study, four numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the thermal effects of the Southeast Asian low-latitude highlands (SEALLH) on the Bay of Bengal southwest monsoon (BOBSWM). Simulation results showed that the SEALLH’s total diabatic heating, individual latent heating, and individual sensible heating account for approximately 21%, 20%, and 4% of the total regional mean BOBSWM intensity, respectively. The latent heating rather than the sensible heating over the SEALLH plays a more crucial role in modulating the BOBSWM intensity. The physical processes connecting the diabatic heating over the SEALLH with the BOBSWM remain consistent across different diabatic heating types. When the diabatic heating is turned off over the SEALLH, the negative temperature anomalies in the lower troposphere occur with a relatively warmer core over the BOB and a relatively colder region in the terrestrial margins around the BOB. Such an anomalous temperature gradient in the lower troposphere induces an anomalous cyclone over the BOB by arousing an anomalous thermal contrast between the land and sea. Consequently, the enhanced southwesterly winds lead to a stronger BOBSWM.