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<p>Precious gas (helium and molecular hydrogen) is a critically strategic resource. Using genetic identification methods and geological-geochemical analysis, its formation and enrichment are classified into two types: tectonomagmatic active basins (Songliao and Bohai Bay Basins) and stable cratonic basins (Ordos Basin). In the Songliao and Bohai Bay Basins, the origin of precious gas is associated with crust-mantle mixing, primarily linked to mantle degassing, water-rock reactions in mafic-ultramafic magmatic rocks, and water radiolysis. In the Ordos Basin, precious gas is derived from crustal degassing: helium originates through radioactive decay in sedimentary and basement rocks, while natural hydrogen is formed from reactions of water and rock in crystalline basements, radiolysis of water, and thermal evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. The favorable conditions for precious gas enrichment include sufficient gas flux (radioactive element content and decay duration, water-rock reactions in olivine- and pyroxene-bearing mafic-ultramafic igneous rocks), favorable migration pathways and tectonic positions, and effective seals (e.g., saline aquifers and evaporites). The enrichment process of precious gas is primarily controlled by generation timing, geological temperatures, and accumulation-dispersion efficiency. Accordingly, we identify potential enrichment formations for precious gas: the Shahejie Formation of Boxing Subsag (Bohai Bay Basin), Huoshiling Formation of the Changling and Xujiaweizi Fault Depressions (Songliao Basin), and Lower Shihezi and Majiagou Formations (Ordos Basin).</p>

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Formation and enrichment mechanisms of precious gas in sedimentary basins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • Quanyou Liu,
  • Yongbo Wei,
  • Dongya Zhu,
  • Xiaoqi Wu,
  • Qingqiang Meng,
  • Pengpeng Li,
  • Yin Fu,
  • Di Zhu,
  • Wang Zhang,
  • Zhijun Jin

摘要

Precious gas (helium and molecular hydrogen) is a critically strategic resource. Using genetic identification methods and geological-geochemical analysis, its formation and enrichment are classified into two types: tectonomagmatic active basins (Songliao and Bohai Bay Basins) and stable cratonic basins (Ordos Basin). In the Songliao and Bohai Bay Basins, the origin of precious gas is associated with crust-mantle mixing, primarily linked to mantle degassing, water-rock reactions in mafic-ultramafic magmatic rocks, and water radiolysis. In the Ordos Basin, precious gas is derived from crustal degassing: helium originates through radioactive decay in sedimentary and basement rocks, while natural hydrogen is formed from reactions of water and rock in crystalline basements, radiolysis of water, and thermal evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. The favorable conditions for precious gas enrichment include sufficient gas flux (radioactive element content and decay duration, water-rock reactions in olivine- and pyroxene-bearing mafic-ultramafic igneous rocks), favorable migration pathways and tectonic positions, and effective seals (e.g., saline aquifers and evaporites). The enrichment process of precious gas is primarily controlled by generation timing, geological temperatures, and accumulation-dispersion efficiency. Accordingly, we identify potential enrichment formations for precious gas: the Shahejie Formation of Boxing Subsag (Bohai Bay Basin), Huoshiling Formation of the Changling and Xujiaweizi Fault Depressions (Songliao Basin), and Lower Shihezi and Majiagou Formations (Ordos Basin).