<p>A&#xa0;number of gastroenterological disorders are generally associated with difficulties in controlling metabolism. These include pancreatogenic diabetes (especially in chronic pancreatitis), hepatogenic diabetes in liver cirrhosis, and motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract such as gastroparesis. In particular, patients with underlying diabetes and certain associated gastroenterological diseases are at an increased risk of hypoglycemia, which must be taken into account depending on the duration and invasiveness of the surgical procedure. In addition, there is a&#xa0;strong correlation between colonoscopy and an increased risk of hypoglycemic episodes in patients with type&#xa0;2 diabetes. Similar to the perioperative situation, the preparation and performance of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures can also pose a&#xa0;particular challenge for patients with underlying diabetes.</p><p>This article characterizes various important gastroenterological diseases with an increased risk in the perioperative setting in humans. It also highlights measures that may be necessary in connection with major and elective procedures.</p>