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Background <p>As the frequency, duration, and intensity of heatwaves increase, people with diabetes face growing health risks. These individuals are particularly vulnerable to extreme temperature fluctuations due to common complications like diabetic neuropathy and comorbidities. Such conditions impair both thermoregulation and metabolic control, thereby raising the risk of acute complications, including hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis.</p> Objective <p>The aim is to describe the physiological mechanisms and clinical challenges posed by heat exposure in diabetes management, particularly its effects on glucose metabolism. The study also seeks to present strategies that promote preventive measures and resilience-building among affected individuals. These strategies include personalized therapy adjustments, educational initiatives, and the implementation of systemic support structures to protect and stabilize the health of people with diabetes during extreme temperature conditions.</p> Materials and methods <p>A&#xa0;narrative literature review was conducted on the effects of high outdoor temperatures during heatwaves on glucose metabolism, particularly regarding metabolic dysregulation and associated rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in people with diabetes. Epidemiological data and clinical reports were also reviewed to assess the global relevance of the issue.</p> Results <p>Evidence suggests that high outdoor temperatures affect insulin absorption and action, leading to unstable blood glucose control. Increased insulin sensitivity at high temperatures raises the risk of hypoglycemia, while dehydration and thermoregulatory disturbances promote hyperglycemia. Older adults with diabetes and those with cardiovascular or renal conditions are particularly at risk, as these factors further impair temperature regulation and glucose metabolism.</p> Conclusion <p>Adapting diabetes management to extreme temperatures requires individualized therapy that includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures. A&#xa0;combination of personal protective measures, technological innovations, and systemic adjustments is crucial to enhance the resilience of people with diabetes to extreme heat.</p>

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Hitze und Diabetes: klinische Perspektive

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月1日

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  • Benedict Lacner

摘要

Background

As the frequency, duration, and intensity of heatwaves increase, people with diabetes face growing health risks. These individuals are particularly vulnerable to extreme temperature fluctuations due to common complications like diabetic neuropathy and comorbidities. Such conditions impair both thermoregulation and metabolic control, thereby raising the risk of acute complications, including hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis.

Objective

The aim is to describe the physiological mechanisms and clinical challenges posed by heat exposure in diabetes management, particularly its effects on glucose metabolism. The study also seeks to present strategies that promote preventive measures and resilience-building among affected individuals. These strategies include personalized therapy adjustments, educational initiatives, and the implementation of systemic support structures to protect and stabilize the health of people with diabetes during extreme temperature conditions.

Materials and methods

A narrative literature review was conducted on the effects of high outdoor temperatures during heatwaves on glucose metabolism, particularly regarding metabolic dysregulation and associated rates of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality in people with diabetes. Epidemiological data and clinical reports were also reviewed to assess the global relevance of the issue.

Results

Evidence suggests that high outdoor temperatures affect insulin absorption and action, leading to unstable blood glucose control. Increased insulin sensitivity at high temperatures raises the risk of hypoglycemia, while dehydration and thermoregulatory disturbances promote hyperglycemia. Older adults with diabetes and those with cardiovascular or renal conditions are particularly at risk, as these factors further impair temperature regulation and glucose metabolism.

Conclusion

Adapting diabetes management to extreme temperatures requires individualized therapy that includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological measures. A combination of personal protective measures, technological innovations, and systemic adjustments is crucial to enhance the resilience of people with diabetes to extreme heat.