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<p>Surrogate reproduction offers a promising biotechnological approach for accelerating aquaculture breeding. Grass carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</i>), a key freshwater species, faces significant constraints in breeding due to its prolonged sexual maturation of 5 years and huge body size. Here, we establish an ultra-fast breeding strategy to generate all-female grass carp within six months via surrogate production in tiny laboratory fish, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). We identify and isolate female GSCs from juvenile ovaries of 3-month-old grass carp. Three months after transplantation into zebrafish larvae, the donor-derived female GSCs undergo ultra-fast spermatogenesis and differentiate into functional grass carp sperm carrying X chromosomes. Fertilization of wild-type grass carp eggs with this sperm yields all-female offspring. This work demonstrates that fish female GSCs with XX chromosomes can differentiate into functional sperm in a short time in zebrafish gonadal somatic niche, opening a new avenue for precision breeding and sex control in aquaculture species.</p>

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Ultra-fast generation of all-female grass carp via transplantation of female germline stem cells into zebrafish

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Ding Ye,
  • Yongkang Hao,
  • Junwen Zhu,
  • Chaofan Wang,
  • Linglu Li,
  • Yongming Li,
  • Yi-Xuan Tu,
  • Zhiqin Ren,
  • Houpeng Wang,
  • Zhengfang Chen,
  • Mudan He,
  • Xiaosi Wang,
  • Yonghua Sun

摘要

Surrogate reproduction offers a promising biotechnological approach for accelerating aquaculture breeding. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), a key freshwater species, faces significant constraints in breeding due to its prolonged sexual maturation of 5 years and huge body size. Here, we establish an ultra-fast breeding strategy to generate all-female grass carp within six months via surrogate production in tiny laboratory fish, zebrafish (Danio rerio). We identify and isolate female GSCs from juvenile ovaries of 3-month-old grass carp. Three months after transplantation into zebrafish larvae, the donor-derived female GSCs undergo ultra-fast spermatogenesis and differentiate into functional grass carp sperm carrying X chromosomes. Fertilization of wild-type grass carp eggs with this sperm yields all-female offspring. This work demonstrates that fish female GSCs with XX chromosomes can differentiate into functional sperm in a short time in zebrafish gonadal somatic niche, opening a new avenue for precision breeding and sex control in aquaculture species.