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<p>Mitochondria, serving as the energy hub and death-immune hub of cells, play pivotal roles in maintaining normal cellular physiology and pathological functions. Under stress conditions, mitochondria can be released from cells into the extracellular environment and even the circulatory system through multiple pathways, and subsequently taken up by other cells. The process of mitochondrial release involves complex mechanisms, exerting multifaceted effects on the fate and functions of recipient cells and playing critical roles in both physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the stress-induced release of mitochondria, their uptake by recipient cells, and the changes brought about in the peripheral circulation, aiming to deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological implications of this novel mode of intercellular communication and provide new therapeutic insights for related diseases.</p>

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Mitochondria beyond boundaries: from cellular powerhouses to intercellular messengers in health and disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Haixia Zhuang,
  • Wenxin Mo,
  • Jianming Xie,
  • Tingting Zhang,
  • Kailun Qiu,
  • Weinan Wu,
  • Wanyue Tan,
  • Xiaoyi Jiang,
  • Xiusheng Chen,
  • Yongquan Hu,
  • Huansen Huang,
  • Hao Liu,
  • Du Feng

摘要

Mitochondria, serving as the energy hub and death-immune hub of cells, play pivotal roles in maintaining normal cellular physiology and pathological functions. Under stress conditions, mitochondria can be released from cells into the extracellular environment and even the circulatory system through multiple pathways, and subsequently taken up by other cells. The process of mitochondrial release involves complex mechanisms, exerting multifaceted effects on the fate and functions of recipient cells and playing critical roles in both physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the stress-induced release of mitochondria, their uptake by recipient cells, and the changes brought about in the peripheral circulation, aiming to deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biological implications of this novel mode of intercellular communication and provide new therapeutic insights for related diseases.