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<p>The low concentration of ammonium in wastewater streams poses a significant economic barrier to its recovery. Here, we present an energy-efficient strategy that integrates alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) with osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) to achieve near-zero additional energy consumption for pre-concentrating ammonium. In this hybrid system, the concentrated KOH electrolyte from AWE serves as the draw solution for OMD, extracting water from the dilute ammonium feed. The diluted draw solution is then regenerated <i>in situ</i> via water consumption during hydrogen production in the electrolyzer. This process enabled over a hundred-fold concentration of ammonium from an initial 10 mM up to near saturation (∼3365 mM). The system demonstrated robust performance across various synthetic wastewaters (<i>e.g.</i>, domestic, landfill leachate, urine). Techno-economic analysis further reveals that pre-concentration reduces the cost of downstream ammonium recovery via a Donnan dialysis-osmotic distillation process by approximately 68%–75%. This work provides a practical and scalable pathway to overcome the concentration bottleneck in sustainable nitrogen resource recovery, effectively bridging the gap between dilute wastewater sources and economically viable ammonium recovery.</p>

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Concentrating ammonium waste with water electrolysis-driven osmotic membrane distillation for fertilizer production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Yuxin Li,
  • Hanhan Li,
  • Jinna Huang,
  • Le Zhang,
  • Liqun Shen,
  • Chengjun Peng,
  • Feng Wang,
  • Ziyi Wang,
  • Keyi Wang,
  • Dong Li,
  • Yanyong Wang,
  • Ru Chen,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Li Tao,
  • Tehua Wang,
  • Shuangyin Wang

摘要

The low concentration of ammonium in wastewater streams poses a significant economic barrier to its recovery. Here, we present an energy-efficient strategy that integrates alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) with osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) to achieve near-zero additional energy consumption for pre-concentrating ammonium. In this hybrid system, the concentrated KOH electrolyte from AWE serves as the draw solution for OMD, extracting water from the dilute ammonium feed. The diluted draw solution is then regenerated in situ via water consumption during hydrogen production in the electrolyzer. This process enabled over a hundred-fold concentration of ammonium from an initial 10 mM up to near saturation (∼3365 mM). The system demonstrated robust performance across various synthetic wastewaters (e.g., domestic, landfill leachate, urine). Techno-economic analysis further reveals that pre-concentration reduces the cost of downstream ammonium recovery via a Donnan dialysis-osmotic distillation process by approximately 68%–75%. This work provides a practical and scalable pathway to overcome the concentration bottleneck in sustainable nitrogen resource recovery, effectively bridging the gap between dilute wastewater sources and economically viable ammonium recovery.