Discrete molecular clusters containing aluminum-metal bonds
摘要
In recent years, the study of molecular clusters with aluminum-metal bonds has advanced considerably, driven by their intriguing structural diversity and unique reactivity. Notable progress in the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of molecular clusters featuring direct aluminum-metal (Al–M) bonds is surveyed here, covering a range of metals including alkali, alkaline earth, transition, f-block, and p-block elements. Notable synthetic strategies such as salt metathesis, insertion reactions, and reductive coupling are highlighted. Key structural insights from crystallographic and spectroscopic studies are discussed, along with theoretical analyses that elucidate bonding characteristics ranging from highly polarized to covalent interactions. The reactivity of these clusters often diverges from classical behavior, enabling novel transformations including small-molecule activation, C–H functionalization, and cooperative catalysis. These developments highlight the growing significance of Al–M bonded systems in expanding the frontiers of inorganic and organometallic chemistry.