The programmable whole tumor cell vaccine with multiple immunogenicity enhancement strategies for high-efficiency antitumor immunotherapy
摘要
The therapeutic efficacy of whole tumor vaccine is limited by the relatively low immunogenicity, which determines subsequent activation of the immune response. In this study, we developed a whole tumor cell vaccine with multiple immunogenicity enhancement strategies, including CD47 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing based on non-viral polymer gene carriers, membrane insertion of immune adjuvant DSPE-PEG-Mannose and heat-induced immunogenic cell death. Specifically, CD47 knockout blocks the CD47/SIRPα “don’t eat me” signal between tumor cells and APCs, thereby enhancing APC-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells. Next, the adjuvant DSPE-PEG-Mannose onto the surface of CD47KO B16F10 cells using a simple membrane insertion method for stimulating the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and triggering a stronger immune response. Finally, heat treatment via a simple water bath induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), leading to cell inactivation while releasing specific damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate both the innate and adaptive immune systems. After the programmable process of CD47 gene editing, insertion of immune adjuvants and heat-induced death, the tumor cells transformed into a highly immunogenic whole tumor cell vaccine, achieving significant tumor prevention and therapeutic effects. This work provided a novel, simple, and effective strategy for the construction of a whole tumor cell vaccine.