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<p>Optimizing the active layer morphology by introducing a third component is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Using dithieno[3,2-a:2″,3″-c]phenazine as the core, a nonfused-ring small molecule (PTBT-SC10) with a large difference in miscibility with the donor and acceptor was obtained by side chain engineering and alteration of the <i>π</i>-bridge. PTBT-SC10 forms a good complementary absorption with the host donor and acceptor, and it has a cascade energy level arrangement with energy levels of the host materials. Grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements showed that the addition of only 5% mass fraction of PTBT-SC10 resulted in an optimized vertical phase separation morphology for the binary blend. As a result, the optimized PM6:BTP-eC9:PTBT-SC10 ternary OSCs obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.1%, while the PCE based on the PM6:BTP-eC9 binary OSCs was only 17.7%. This study shows that the vertical phase separation structure of the binary active layer can be precisely tuned by adding only a small amount of the third component when the miscibility of the third component differs significantly from that of the host material. This provides a new strategy to minimize the generation of defect states in the ternary active layer and improve the photovoltaic performance of the device.</p>

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Precise regulation of phase separation by different miscibility of the third component with donor and acceptor toward high-performance organic solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Wenli Luo,
  • Tingting Wang,
  • Shuangshuang Xia,
  • Jie Xu,
  • Xiaohong Zhao,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Yu Hu,
  • Zhongyi Yuan

摘要

Optimizing the active layer morphology by introducing a third component is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Using dithieno[3,2-a:2″,3″-c]phenazine as the core, a nonfused-ring small molecule (PTBT-SC10) with a large difference in miscibility with the donor and acceptor was obtained by side chain engineering and alteration of the π-bridge. PTBT-SC10 forms a good complementary absorption with the host donor and acceptor, and it has a cascade energy level arrangement with energy levels of the host materials. Grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements showed that the addition of only 5% mass fraction of PTBT-SC10 resulted in an optimized vertical phase separation morphology for the binary blend. As a result, the optimized PM6:BTP-eC9:PTBT-SC10 ternary OSCs obtained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.1%, while the PCE based on the PM6:BTP-eC9 binary OSCs was only 17.7%. This study shows that the vertical phase separation structure of the binary active layer can be precisely tuned by adding only a small amount of the third component when the miscibility of the third component differs significantly from that of the host material. This provides a new strategy to minimize the generation of defect states in the ternary active layer and improve the photovoltaic performance of the device.