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<p>Microbial communication monitoring is vital for understanding the mechanisms beneath gut microbiota equilibrium, infections, and biomanufacturing. Herein, we reported monitoring bacterial communication by surface-confined persistent luminescence. Specifically, we constructed core-shell structured Zn<sub>1.4</sub>Ga<sub>1.2</sub>Ge<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Zn<sub>1.4</sub>Ga<sub>1.2</sub>Ge<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Cr (ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) with amplified FRET efficiency for the detection of azoreductase (AzoR) that participates in bacterial communication. ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr nanoparticles were functionalized with an azo black hole quencher (ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3). Due to the proximity of surface-confined persistent luminescence with the surface-bound BHQ-3, ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3 exhibited a FRET efficiency up to 1.6 times that of traditional ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3. Further, the specific catalytic reduction of azo bonds in BHQ-3 by bacterial extracellular AzoR recovers the persistent luminescence of ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr. ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3 displayed superior sensitivity and speed in detecting extracellular AzoR over ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3, attributed to its surface-confined persistent luminescence. We found that the peak secretion of AzoR occurs during the exponential growth period of bacteria including <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> based on the persistent luminescence recovery rate of ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3. Furthermore, ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3 was used to probe the communication between different bacterial species. <i>R. palustris</i> is a kind of lycopene-production bacteria. We found that the cohabitation of <i>R. palustris</i> and <i>S. putrefaciens</i> boosted both AzoR secretion and lycopene production. Moreover, the secretion and activity of AzoR positively correlated with lycopene production, suggesting that AzoR may participate in the communication between <i>R. palustris</i> and <i>S. putrefaciens</i> to promote lycopene production. This study offers a robust method to enhance PLNP-based biosensing sensitivity and provides a promising strategy for microbial communication monitoring.</p>

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Surface-confined persistent luminescence with amplified FRET efficiency for cell-cell communication monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月2日

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  • Ziyun Miao,
  • Wenjing Dai,
  • Yubin Jin,
  • Bing Qi,
  • Jiayi Chen,
  • Lingling Qiu,
  • Yurong Wei,
  • Jie Wang

摘要

Microbial communication monitoring is vital for understanding the mechanisms beneath gut microbiota equilibrium, infections, and biomanufacturing. Herein, we reported monitoring bacterial communication by surface-confined persistent luminescence. Specifically, we constructed core-shell structured Zn1.4Ga1.2Ge0.4O4@Zn1.4Ga1.2Ge0.4O4:Cr (ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr) persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) with amplified FRET efficiency for the detection of azoreductase (AzoR) that participates in bacterial communication. ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr nanoparticles were functionalized with an azo black hole quencher (ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3). Due to the proximity of surface-confined persistent luminescence with the surface-bound BHQ-3, ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3 exhibited a FRET efficiency up to 1.6 times that of traditional ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3. Further, the specific catalytic reduction of azo bonds in BHQ-3 by bacterial extracellular AzoR recovers the persistent luminescence of ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr. ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3 displayed superior sensitivity and speed in detecting extracellular AzoR over ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3, attributed to its surface-confined persistent luminescence. We found that the peak secretion of AzoR occurs during the exponential growth period of bacteria including S. aureus and E. coli based on the persistent luminescence recovery rate of ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3. Furthermore, ZGGO@ZGGO:Cr-BHQ-3 was used to probe the communication between different bacterial species. R. palustris is a kind of lycopene-production bacteria. We found that the cohabitation of R. palustris and S. putrefaciens boosted both AzoR secretion and lycopene production. Moreover, the secretion and activity of AzoR positively correlated with lycopene production, suggesting that AzoR may participate in the communication between R. palustris and S. putrefaciens to promote lycopene production. This study offers a robust method to enhance PLNP-based biosensing sensitivity and provides a promising strategy for microbial communication monitoring.