<p>In this paper, we show the nondegeneracy of positive bubble solutions for generalized energy-critical Hartree equations (NLH) <Equation ID="Equa"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(-\Delta {u}(x) - \alpha(N, \lambda)\int_{{\mathbb R}^{N}} {{u^{p}(y) \over \mid x - y \mid^{\lambda}}}dy \, u^{p - 1}(x) = 0, \quad x \in {{\mathbb R}^{N}},\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>y</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">∣</mo> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </math></EquationSource> </Equation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N \geqslant 3, \, 0 &lt; \lambda &lt; N, \, p = {{2{N} - \lambda} \over {N - 2}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>N</mi> <mo>⩾</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <i>α</i>(<i>N, λ</i>) is a normalized constant such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u(x) = {(1 + \mid x \mid^{2})}^{{- {N - 2} \over 2}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mo>∣</mo> <mi>x</mi> <msup> <mo>∣</mo> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a bubble solution of the equation (NLH). We extend the partial nondegeneracy results by Du and Yang (2019), Giacomoni et al. (2020) and Li et al. (2025) to the full range 0 &lt; <i>λ</i> &lt; <i>N</i> and completely solve the problem about the nondegeneracy of the positive bubble solutions of (NLH) by Gao et al. (2022) and Miao et al. (2015), which has lasted over a decade. The key observation is that the weighted pushforward map <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\cal S}_{\ast}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a one-to-one map between the null space of the linearized operator and the spherical harmonic function subspace <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({{\cal H}_{1}^{N + 1}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">H</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of degree one by using the spherical harmonic decomposition, the stereographic projection <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\cal S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and the Funk-Hecke formula, which is inspired by Frank and Lieb (2012).</p>

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The nondegeneracy of positive bubble solutions for generalized energy-critical Hartree equations

  • Xuemei Li,
  • Chenxi Liu,
  • Xingdong Tang,
  • Guixiang Xu

摘要

In this paper, we show the nondegeneracy of positive bubble solutions for generalized energy-critical Hartree equations (NLH) \(-\Delta {u}(x) - \alpha(N, \lambda)\int_{{\mathbb R}^{N}} {{u^{p}(y) \over \mid x - y \mid^{\lambda}}}dy \, u^{p - 1}(x) = 0, \quad x \in {{\mathbb R}^{N}},\) Δ u ( x ) α ( N , λ ) R N u p ( y ) x y λ d y u p 1 ( x ) = 0 , x R N , where \(N \geqslant 3, \, 0 < \lambda < N, \, p = {{2{N} - \lambda} \over {N - 2}}\) N 3 , 0 < λ < N , p = 2 N λ N 2 , and α(N, λ) is a normalized constant such that \(u(x) = {(1 + \mid x \mid^{2})}^{{- {N - 2} \over 2}}\) u ( x ) = ( 1 + x 2 ) N 2 2 is a bubble solution of the equation (NLH). We extend the partial nondegeneracy results by Du and Yang (2019), Giacomoni et al. (2020) and Li et al. (2025) to the full range 0 < λ < N and completely solve the problem about the nondegeneracy of the positive bubble solutions of (NLH) by Gao et al. (2022) and Miao et al. (2015), which has lasted over a decade. The key observation is that the weighted pushforward map \({\cal S}_{\ast}\) S is a one-to-one map between the null space of the linearized operator and the spherical harmonic function subspace \({{\cal H}_{1}^{N + 1}}\) H 1 N + 1 of degree one by using the spherical harmonic decomposition, the stereographic projection \({\cal S}\) S , and the Funk-Hecke formula, which is inspired by Frank and Lieb (2012).