<p>Research on police legitimacy and collective efficacy has grown rapidly, yet evidence remains mixed and is heavily concentrated in Western settings. Drawing on a community survey of residents in 43 communities across 24 streets in Chongqing, China, this study examines whether perceived police legitimacy, procedural justice, and police effectiveness are associated with residents’ perceptions of neighborhood collective efficacy. Ordinary least squares models, with a robustness check using nonparametric bootstrap resampling, indicate that higher perceived police legitimacy, procedural justice, and effectiveness are each associated with higher perceived collective efficacy net of sociodemographic controls. We also estimate supplemental models that disaggregate collective efficacy into informal social control and social cohesion and trust to assess whether associations differ across components. The study extends empirical tests of the relationship between police legitimacy and collective efficacy to a large Chinese city and underscores the value of considering collective efficacy’s subdimensions when theorizing how policing relates to neighborhood capacity for informal social control.</p>