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<p>Fully automated processor design has recently gained significant popularity due to its fast convergence speed and reduced human costs. However, automated design remains challenging in processor correctness and performance guarantee. In this article, we introduce a series of processor auto-design methods based on a data-driven method, Binary Speculative Diagram (BSD), emphasizing how they guarantee design correctness and improve the auto-designed processor performance. Auto-designed by BSD, QiMeng-CPU-v1, an industrial-scale RISC-V CPU, achieves up to 99.999 999 999 99% accuracy. Auto-designed by State-BSD, QiMeng-CPU-v2 is comparable to ARM Cortex A53 (2010s CPU), a human-designed superscalar processor. Finally, we discuss potential future directions for extending and improving the proposed design methods toward more generalized automated processor architectures.</p>

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Data-Driven Automated Processor Design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月1日

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  • Xiang-Tao Guan,
  • Shu-Yao Cheng,
  • Mo Zou,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Yun-Ji Chen

摘要

Fully automated processor design has recently gained significant popularity due to its fast convergence speed and reduced human costs. However, automated design remains challenging in processor correctness and performance guarantee. In this article, we introduce a series of processor auto-design methods based on a data-driven method, Binary Speculative Diagram (BSD), emphasizing how they guarantee design correctness and improve the auto-designed processor performance. Auto-designed by BSD, QiMeng-CPU-v1, an industrial-scale RISC-V CPU, achieves up to 99.999 999 999 99% accuracy. Auto-designed by State-BSD, QiMeng-CPU-v2 is comparable to ARM Cortex A53 (2010s CPU), a human-designed superscalar processor. Finally, we discuss potential future directions for extending and improving the proposed design methods toward more generalized automated processor architectures.