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Purpose <p>Industrial soils often contain mixtures of metals and organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Metal toxicity can inhibit microbial degradation of organics, whereas fungi are more metal-tolerant. The model fungus <i>Absidia cylindrospora</i> was therefore inoculated into an aged metal-contaminated soil with moderate PAH/PCB levels, for mycoremediation.</p> Methods <p>180-days soil microcosm experiments were conducted, with bioaugmentation and/or biostimulation, monitoring metal availability, PAH/PCB concentrations and their bioaccessibility (using a novel mild extraction with carboxymethyl-cyclodextrin polymer). During the first 15&#xa0;days, PAH bioaccumulation and formation of metabolites (ketones, quinones) could be detected in less than 1&#xa0;mg of fungal biomass, using original methods of mycelium extraction, and detection (thermodesorption coupled to GC–MS/MS).</p> Results <p>Neither the fungus nor the stimulated soil microorganisms significantly reduced total PAH/PCB concentrations. Two main obstacles were identified: (i) the extremely low PAH/PCB bioaccessible fractions (&lt; 5.3%) made them difficult to access and degrade. However, <i>A. cylindrospora</i> initially contributed to reduce the bioaccessible fraction of heavy PAHs and to mobilize non-accessible PCBs, but its overall impact was limited; (ii) Cd/Zn environmental availabilities increased only in the treated soils and might have cause higher cytotoxicity, possibly leading to the fungus death.</p> Conclusion <p>High metal availability, combined with low accessibility of organic contaminants, must be carefully considered for real cases of mycoremediation of aged co-contaminated brownfield soils.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Metal availability and PAH/PCB bioaccessibility as key factors for mycoremediation of aged co-contaminated industrial soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Chloé Bassimon,
  • Fabienne Baraud,
  • David Garon,
  • Marc Crampon,
  • Nadine Merlet-Machour,
  • Lydia Leleyter,
  • Catherine Rafin,
  • Julie Cosme,
  • Florence Portet-Koltalo

摘要

Purpose

Industrial soils often contain mixtures of metals and organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Metal toxicity can inhibit microbial degradation of organics, whereas fungi are more metal-tolerant. The model fungus Absidia cylindrospora was therefore inoculated into an aged metal-contaminated soil with moderate PAH/PCB levels, for mycoremediation.

Methods

180-days soil microcosm experiments were conducted, with bioaugmentation and/or biostimulation, monitoring metal availability, PAH/PCB concentrations and their bioaccessibility (using a novel mild extraction with carboxymethyl-cyclodextrin polymer). During the first 15 days, PAH bioaccumulation and formation of metabolites (ketones, quinones) could be detected in less than 1 mg of fungal biomass, using original methods of mycelium extraction, and detection (thermodesorption coupled to GC–MS/MS).

Results

Neither the fungus nor the stimulated soil microorganisms significantly reduced total PAH/PCB concentrations. Two main obstacles were identified: (i) the extremely low PAH/PCB bioaccessible fractions (< 5.3%) made them difficult to access and degrade. However, A. cylindrospora initially contributed to reduce the bioaccessible fraction of heavy PAHs and to mobilize non-accessible PCBs, but its overall impact was limited; (ii) Cd/Zn environmental availabilities increased only in the treated soils and might have cause higher cytotoxicity, possibly leading to the fungus death.

Conclusion

High metal availability, combined with low accessibility of organic contaminants, must be carefully considered for real cases of mycoremediation of aged co-contaminated brownfield soils.

Graphical Abstract