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Purpose <p>To evaluate the risk of a substance toxicity through organism exposure to sediment and/or to determine ecotoxicity of natural sediments, current bioassays rely on the use of formulated sediment as a control to interpret toxicity values from test conditions. This study investigated the effect of different formulated sediments and the influence of ageing period duration on several phenotypic traits of the European freshwater amphipod <i>Gammarus fossarum</i> for developing sediment-water toxicity bioassays in this model species.</p> Methods <p>We compared the effect of five formulated sediments on life-history traits (survival, growth, reproduction) and behaviour (feeding rate) of gammarids. We also integrated the effect of pre-exposure ageing period duration (14-day or 0-day).</p> Results <p>Sediment formulation had significant effect on survival and growth of juveniles after 14-day exposure, as well as on survival of both males and females after 18-day exposure. Moreover, ageing did not affect gammarids’ survival, growth and reproduction but interacted with sediment formulation to affect feeding rates. Overall, sediments composed of sand with montmorillonite and α-cellulose (SMC), sand with montmorillonite and peat (SMP), and sand with kaolin and peat (SKP) induced the highest survival, growth, and feeding rates compared to both sand alone (S) and sand with kaolin and α-cellulose (SKC).</p> Conclusion <p>Our study demonstrates that in the absence of contaminants, sediment formulation is the main driver of gammarid phenotypic responses, whereas ageing seems to have limited effects. In a context that questions the ecological footprint of using peat moss as organic matter source for SKP sediment formulation used in OECD and ISO test guidelines, this preliminary study also suggests that sediment formulated with α-cellulose OM and montmorillonite clay material (SMC formulation) could be an alternative.</p>

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Do sediment formulation and ageing affect phenotypic traits in the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月24日

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  • Anthony G.E. Mathiron,
  • Yohann Kubler,
  • Cécile Luc-Rey,
  • Pierre-Louis Hombert,
  • Nicolas Delorme,
  • Olivier Geffard,
  • Guillaume Jubeaux

摘要

Purpose

To evaluate the risk of a substance toxicity through organism exposure to sediment and/or to determine ecotoxicity of natural sediments, current bioassays rely on the use of formulated sediment as a control to interpret toxicity values from test conditions. This study investigated the effect of different formulated sediments and the influence of ageing period duration on several phenotypic traits of the European freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum for developing sediment-water toxicity bioassays in this model species.

Methods

We compared the effect of five formulated sediments on life-history traits (survival, growth, reproduction) and behaviour (feeding rate) of gammarids. We also integrated the effect of pre-exposure ageing period duration (14-day or 0-day).

Results

Sediment formulation had significant effect on survival and growth of juveniles after 14-day exposure, as well as on survival of both males and females after 18-day exposure. Moreover, ageing did not affect gammarids’ survival, growth and reproduction but interacted with sediment formulation to affect feeding rates. Overall, sediments composed of sand with montmorillonite and α-cellulose (SMC), sand with montmorillonite and peat (SMP), and sand with kaolin and peat (SKP) induced the highest survival, growth, and feeding rates compared to both sand alone (S) and sand with kaolin and α-cellulose (SKC).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that in the absence of contaminants, sediment formulation is the main driver of gammarid phenotypic responses, whereas ageing seems to have limited effects. In a context that questions the ecological footprint of using peat moss as organic matter source for SKP sediment formulation used in OECD and ISO test guidelines, this preliminary study also suggests that sediment formulated with α-cellulose OM and montmorillonite clay material (SMC formulation) could be an alternative.