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Purpose <p>Enhancing selenium (Se) bioavailability in crops is crucial for addressing global micronutrient deficiencies, yet conventional Se fertilizers pose environmental risks. This study aimed to evaluate whether Se nanoparticles biosynthesized (bioSeNPs) by <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> SMB14 can enhance Se accumulation in rice (<i>Oryza sativa </i>L.) and to assess their impacts on rhizosphere microbial communities and soil ecological functions.</p> Materials and methods <p>Pot experiments with varying Se application levels (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6&#xa0;mg kg⁻¹) quantified Se concentrations in rice tissues during grain filling and at maturity. Rhizosphere microbial communities were characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing, and co-occurrence networks and functional predictions assessed ecological effects.</p> Results and discussion <p>BioSeNP application increased grain Se concentrations by 8–53-fold at maturity compared to the control. The 0.8&#xa0;mg kg⁻¹ treatment achieved the highest biofortification efficiency and a concentration-dependent saturation threshold. Selenium treatments significantly reshaped rhizosphere β-diversity (R² = 0.63 for abundant ASVs; R² = 0.53 for rare ASVs, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), demonstrating strong environmental filtering effects. Network analysis revealed bidirectional regulatory responses: Se-enriched taxa were primarily associated with transport and stress-adaptation pathways. Functional compensation was defined here as the maintenance of element-cycling–related functions through redundancy between Se-promoted and Se-suppressed taxa.</p> Conclusions <p>Moderate bioSeNP application enhanced rice Se biofortification while partially maintaining soil functional stability through microbial redundancy. However, high Se inputs induced stress-responsive functional shifts that may threaten long-term soil ecological resilience. Optimizing Se application thresholds is therefore critical to balance nutritional benefits with ecosystem sustainability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Selenium nanoparticles from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum enhance rice selenium biofortification and restructure rhizosphere microbial assembly and soil functional potential

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Zhimin Zhang,
  • Zijun Ni,
  • Zongqiang Gong,
  • Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi,
  • Shuhai Guo

摘要

Purpose

Enhancing selenium (Se) bioavailability in crops is crucial for addressing global micronutrient deficiencies, yet conventional Se fertilizers pose environmental risks. This study aimed to evaluate whether Se nanoparticles biosynthesized (bioSeNPs) by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SMB14 can enhance Se accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to assess their impacts on rhizosphere microbial communities and soil ecological functions.

Materials and methods

Pot experiments with varying Se application levels (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg kg⁻¹) quantified Se concentrations in rice tissues during grain filling and at maturity. Rhizosphere microbial communities were characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing, and co-occurrence networks and functional predictions assessed ecological effects.

Results and discussion

BioSeNP application increased grain Se concentrations by 8–53-fold at maturity compared to the control. The 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ treatment achieved the highest biofortification efficiency and a concentration-dependent saturation threshold. Selenium treatments significantly reshaped rhizosphere β-diversity (R² = 0.63 for abundant ASVs; R² = 0.53 for rare ASVs, p < 0.001), demonstrating strong environmental filtering effects. Network analysis revealed bidirectional regulatory responses: Se-enriched taxa were primarily associated with transport and stress-adaptation pathways. Functional compensation was defined here as the maintenance of element-cycling–related functions through redundancy between Se-promoted and Se-suppressed taxa.

Conclusions

Moderate bioSeNP application enhanced rice Se biofortification while partially maintaining soil functional stability through microbial redundancy. However, high Se inputs induced stress-responsive functional shifts that may threaten long-term soil ecological resilience. Optimizing Se application thresholds is therefore critical to balance nutritional benefits with ecosystem sustainability.

Graphical Abstract