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Purpose <p>Mining activities severely impair soil structure, slowing natural recovery. Microorganisms serve as both indicators of soil health and drivers of functional recovery. However, existing research on mine restoration has primarily focused on bacterial communities in isolation, with limited integration of fungal analyses and a notable lack of attention to culturable bacterial. The aim of this study is to understand how soil properties and microbial community functions change and interact with each other during the natural recovery process of abandoned copper mines.</p> Method <p>This study investigated microbial community succession in an abandoned copper mine in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, using 16&#xa0;S and ITS high-throughput sequencing combined with laboratory culturing across four restoration stages: primitive stage (CK), early restoration (ER), middle restoration (MR) and late restoration (LR).</p> Results <p>During ecological recovery, the diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities progressively increased. Chloroflexi and Ascomycota persisted as dominant phyla, while functionally critical taxa—Proteobacteria and Glomeromycota—showed significant abundance increases in late restoration. Firmicutes dominated the culturable bacterial community. Key determinants of microbial composition included total organic carbon (TOC), available potassium (AK), Fe, and Zn, with bacteria displaying greater Cu tolerance than fungi. Plant colonization enhanced the abundance of carbon-cycling microorganisms and enriched nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, thereby accelerating soil nutrient accumulation.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, soil nutrient levels progressively increased during ecological recovery through plant-microbe interactions. The abundance of microorganisms related to the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles was gradually increasing. These findings deepen our understanding of microbial succession drivers in mine restoration.</p>

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Changes in microbial community structure and function during secondary succession in abandoned copper mines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Ning Luo,
  • Min Wang,
  • Kangming He,
  • Nihong Wen,
  • Cheng Cheng,
  • Dongmei Zhou

摘要

Purpose

Mining activities severely impair soil structure, slowing natural recovery. Microorganisms serve as both indicators of soil health and drivers of functional recovery. However, existing research on mine restoration has primarily focused on bacterial communities in isolation, with limited integration of fungal analyses and a notable lack of attention to culturable bacterial. The aim of this study is to understand how soil properties and microbial community functions change and interact with each other during the natural recovery process of abandoned copper mines.

Method

This study investigated microbial community succession in an abandoned copper mine in Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, using 16 S and ITS high-throughput sequencing combined with laboratory culturing across four restoration stages: primitive stage (CK), early restoration (ER), middle restoration (MR) and late restoration (LR).

Results

During ecological recovery, the diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities progressively increased. Chloroflexi and Ascomycota persisted as dominant phyla, while functionally critical taxa—Proteobacteria and Glomeromycota—showed significant abundance increases in late restoration. Firmicutes dominated the culturable bacterial community. Key determinants of microbial composition included total organic carbon (TOC), available potassium (AK), Fe, and Zn, with bacteria displaying greater Cu tolerance than fungi. Plant colonization enhanced the abundance of carbon-cycling microorganisms and enriched nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, thereby accelerating soil nutrient accumulation.

Conclusions

Overall, soil nutrient levels progressively increased during ecological recovery through plant-microbe interactions. The abundance of microorganisms related to the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles was gradually increasing. These findings deepen our understanding of microbial succession drivers in mine restoration.