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Purpose <p>Organic amendments lead the supply of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in soils, regulating microbial community composition, life-history strategies, and distribution across soil compartments. However, how deep organic fertilization reshapes microbial stoichiometry and community distribution across vertical and lateral soil profiles remains unclear. This study explored the effects of deep organic fertilizer application on soil microbial diversity, community structure, and stoichiometry in a semi-arid vineyard soil in northern China.</p> Methods <p>Soil samples were collected across four vertical layers (0–80&#xa0;cm) and five lateral distances (10–50&#xa0;cm), assessed in a field study under deep organic fertilizer application at 40&#xa0;cm. Microbial community compositions were characterized using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.</p> Results <p>The results showed that deep organic fertilization reduced soil and microbial C:N, C:P and N:P stoichiometry ratios, decreased nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, and increased soil carbon limitation within 20–60&#xa0;cm depth and at 10–20&#xa0;cm lateral widths (W1 and W2). Nutrient availability increased near the application spot, but further decreased, resulting in a shift of microbial communities between the copiotrophs and oligotrophs phyla. Copiotrophic groups, including <i>Proteobacteria</i>,<i> Firmicutes</i>,<i> Gemmatimonadetes</i>, and <i>Ascomycota</i>, showed negative relationships with soil and microbial C:N:P stoichiometry ratios, while <i>Chloroflexi</i>,<i> Acidobacteria</i>,<i> Chytidiomycota</i>, and <i>Glomeromycota</i> (oligotrophs) exhibited the opposite relationships.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings of this study provide new insights into how deep organic fertilization reorganizes the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and microbial stoichiometry, driving shifts in microbial community strategies and informing improved soil ecological management in semi-arid vineyard ecosystems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Deep organic fertilization reshapes C: N:P stoichiometry and spatial microbial distribution in semi-arid vineyard soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Komlanvi Jacob Maneh,
  • Louis A Tremblay,
  • Akpene Nassougou,
  • Gregory S.K. Zackariah,
  • Okbagaber Andom,
  • Yohannes Kebede,
  • Ting Du,
  • Shuxian An,
  • Zhaojun Li

摘要

Purpose

Organic amendments lead the supply of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in soils, regulating microbial community composition, life-history strategies, and distribution across soil compartments. However, how deep organic fertilization reshapes microbial stoichiometry and community distribution across vertical and lateral soil profiles remains unclear. This study explored the effects of deep organic fertilizer application on soil microbial diversity, community structure, and stoichiometry in a semi-arid vineyard soil in northern China.

Methods

Soil samples were collected across four vertical layers (0–80 cm) and five lateral distances (10–50 cm), assessed in a field study under deep organic fertilizer application at 40 cm. Microbial community compositions were characterized using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region.

Results

The results showed that deep organic fertilization reduced soil and microbial C:N, C:P and N:P stoichiometry ratios, decreased nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, and increased soil carbon limitation within 20–60 cm depth and at 10–20 cm lateral widths (W1 and W2). Nutrient availability increased near the application spot, but further decreased, resulting in a shift of microbial communities between the copiotrophs and oligotrophs phyla. Copiotrophic groups, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Ascomycota, showed negative relationships with soil and microbial C:N:P stoichiometry ratios, while Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Chytidiomycota, and Glomeromycota (oligotrophs) exhibited the opposite relationships.

Conclusion

The findings of this study provide new insights into how deep organic fertilization reorganizes the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and microbial stoichiometry, driving shifts in microbial community strategies and informing improved soil ecological management in semi-arid vineyard ecosystems.

Graphical Abstract