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Purpose <p>Mosses are vital in forest nutrient cycling, but their stoichiometric relationships with soil and litter in karst urban forests remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate how moss cover affects soil stoichiometry across forest stands and seasons, and to nutrient interactions among moss, litter, and soil, thereby providing insights for ecological restoration and management.</p> Methods <p>We analyzed C, N, P, and K contents and ratios in moss-covered soil, bare soil, moss, and litter across six forest stands (including evergreen coniferous forest; bamboo forest; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest; evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest; evergreen shrub forest). Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to elucidate the influence of moss and litter on soil nutrient stoichiometry.</p> Results <p>The results revealed significant seasonal and forest-type influences on nutrient stoichiometry in the moss-litter-soil system. Moss-covered soils had higher SOC (by 16–86%), TN (40–64%), TP (10–26%), and TK (2–19%) than bare soil, along with lower C/N and C/P, which alleviated N and P limitations. Mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest had the highest SOC (86.31–89.93&#xa0;g kg<sup>-1</sup>), while bamboo forest had the highest TN (4.05–4.64&#xa0;g kg<sup>-1</sup>) and summer TP (1.42&#xa0;g kg<sup>-1</sup>). Summer nutrients were generally higher, except SOC and moss TN/TP/TK. Notably, soil P in summer was a key driver of stoichiometric relationships. Litter N content promoted soil nutrient transformation and moss growth.</p> Conclusion <p>Mosses enhance soil nutrients and alleviate N and P limitations by regulating C/N and C/P. Sustainable forest management should consider optimizing moss cover and stand composition to improve nutrient cycling in karst urban forest ecosystems.</p>

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Effects of moss-litter nutrients on soil stoichiometry across seasons and stand types

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Yinfang Zhang,
  • Xiurong Wang

摘要

Purpose

Mosses are vital in forest nutrient cycling, but their stoichiometric relationships with soil and litter in karst urban forests remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate how moss cover affects soil stoichiometry across forest stands and seasons, and to nutrient interactions among moss, litter, and soil, thereby providing insights for ecological restoration and management.

Methods

We analyzed C, N, P, and K contents and ratios in moss-covered soil, bare soil, moss, and litter across six forest stands (including evergreen coniferous forest; bamboo forest; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest; evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest; evergreen shrub forest). Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were employed to elucidate the influence of moss and litter on soil nutrient stoichiometry.

Results

The results revealed significant seasonal and forest-type influences on nutrient stoichiometry in the moss-litter-soil system. Moss-covered soils had higher SOC (by 16–86%), TN (40–64%), TP (10–26%), and TK (2–19%) than bare soil, along with lower C/N and C/P, which alleviated N and P limitations. Mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest had the highest SOC (86.31–89.93 g kg-1), while bamboo forest had the highest TN (4.05–4.64 g kg-1) and summer TP (1.42 g kg-1). Summer nutrients were generally higher, except SOC and moss TN/TP/TK. Notably, soil P in summer was a key driver of stoichiometric relationships. Litter N content promoted soil nutrient transformation and moss growth.

Conclusion

Mosses enhance soil nutrients and alleviate N and P limitations by regulating C/N and C/P. Sustainable forest management should consider optimizing moss cover and stand composition to improve nutrient cycling in karst urban forest ecosystems.