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Purpose <p>Despite toxic element contamination in farmland soils around mining areas, crops cultivation still persists. However, the pollution degree of fruits grown in such areas remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate pollution status of toxic elements in fruits and evaluate their health risks to local residents.</p> Materials and methods <p>Ten fruits (pomegranate, loquat, mango, pitaya, pear, orange, banana, guava, fig and passion fruit) grown around a mining area in Gejiu city, Yunnan province, China, were collected. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) in fruits and corresponding soils were determined. The single-factor and Nemerow synthetic pollution indexes, potential ecological risk index (RI), hazard quotient (HQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated and assessed.</p> Results and discussion <p>Cadmium and Pb were major pollutants, followed by As. Pear was heavily polluted by Cd, Pb and Cr. The Nemerow synthetic pollution indexes of pear and mango were 40.10 and 36.20, respectively, indicating a heavy pollution. Soils for growing pomegranates, mango and banana were heavily polluted by Cd, Pb and As, with RI reaching a high ecological risk level. However, pitaya, banana and guava could be safely consumed. Five fruits posed non-carcinogenic risks (∑HQ &gt; 1) to adults, while nine fruits posed such risks to children. Children faced a significantly higher risk. Soil available phosphorus was a common key factor regulating fruits uptake of the four elements, indicating a significant and positive correlation with Cd, Pb, As and Cr concentrations in fruits.</p> Conclusions <p>Mango and pear are unsuitable for cultivation in the study area, whereas pitaya, banana and guava are recommended. Our study provides a scientific basis for safe fruit cultivation and consumption.</p>

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Health risk assessment of fruit consumption in a potentially toxic elements-contaminated mining area, Yunnan province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Shuwen Wang,
  • Haijuan Wang,
  • Baoyao Wu,
  • Hongbin Wang

摘要

Purpose

Despite toxic element contamination in farmland soils around mining areas, crops cultivation still persists. However, the pollution degree of fruits grown in such areas remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate pollution status of toxic elements in fruits and evaluate their health risks to local residents.

Materials and methods

Ten fruits (pomegranate, loquat, mango, pitaya, pear, orange, banana, guava, fig and passion fruit) grown around a mining area in Gejiu city, Yunnan province, China, were collected. Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) in fruits and corresponding soils were determined. The single-factor and Nemerow synthetic pollution indexes, potential ecological risk index (RI), hazard quotient (HQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated and assessed.

Results and discussion

Cadmium and Pb were major pollutants, followed by As. Pear was heavily polluted by Cd, Pb and Cr. The Nemerow synthetic pollution indexes of pear and mango were 40.10 and 36.20, respectively, indicating a heavy pollution. Soils for growing pomegranates, mango and banana were heavily polluted by Cd, Pb and As, with RI reaching a high ecological risk level. However, pitaya, banana and guava could be safely consumed. Five fruits posed non-carcinogenic risks (∑HQ > 1) to adults, while nine fruits posed such risks to children. Children faced a significantly higher risk. Soil available phosphorus was a common key factor regulating fruits uptake of the four elements, indicating a significant and positive correlation with Cd, Pb, As and Cr concentrations in fruits.

Conclusions

Mango and pear are unsuitable for cultivation in the study area, whereas pitaya, banana and guava are recommended. Our study provides a scientific basis for safe fruit cultivation and consumption.