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Purpose <p>The environmental safety of nano superhydrophobic materials (NSHMs) remains poorly understood despite their increasing agricultural application. This study aims to evaluate the dose- and soil-type-dependent effects of a hydrogen-modified siloxane polymer NSHM on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and phytotoxicity.</p> Methods <p>Experiments were conducted across three agricultural soils: yellow soil (YS), paddy soil (PS), and red soil (RS). Soil aggregation and pH were measured after treatment with a range of NSHM doses. Bacterial and fungal diversity were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing under low (0.01% for YS and PS (<i>m</i>: <i>m</i>), 0.1% for RS (<i>m</i>: <i>m</i>)) and high (0.5% (<i>m</i>: <i>m</i>)) dose exposures. Phytotoxicity was evaluated through seed germination assays and seedling oxidative stress markers. Mantel tests established correlations between microbial shifts and plant responses.</p> Results <p>NSHM enhanced soil aggregation and modulated pH in all soils. Microbial diversity exhibited dose-dependent trade-offs: high doses reduced bacterial diversity, while low doses showed minimal impacts. NSHM consistently enriched stress-tolerant taxa (<i>Actinobacteriota</i>, e.g.,&#xa0;<i>Arthrobacter</i>&#xa0;sp.;&#xa0;<i>Ascomycota</i>, e.g.,&#xa0;<i>Fusarium</i>&#xa0;sp.). Low-dose NSHM promoted seed germination and reduced seedling oxidative stress, whereas high doses caused phytotoxicity. Mantel tests revealed significant correlations between microbial community shifts and plant responses in YS and PS.</p> Conclusion <p>Our results demonstrate a beneficial role for low-dose NSHM in improving soil properties and plant growth. However, a critical dosage threshold exists, beyond which trade-offs emerge, including reduced bacterial diversity and enrichment of opportunistic pathogens. This study provides a critical safety assessment framework, establishing soil-specific dosage thresholds to guide sustainable agricultural use.</p>

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Low-dose nano superhydrophobic materials modulate soil health: Dose-dependent trade-offs in microbial communities and plant responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Linna Du,
  • Xinyi Fang,
  • Xingyu Gong,
  • Yanping Xiao,
  • Fengzhan Tang,
  • Jiacheng Zhou,
  • Mengjie Gu,
  • Ying Su,
  • Yongsheng Song

摘要

Purpose

The environmental safety of nano superhydrophobic materials (NSHMs) remains poorly understood despite their increasing agricultural application. This study aims to evaluate the dose- and soil-type-dependent effects of a hydrogen-modified siloxane polymer NSHM on soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and phytotoxicity.

Methods

Experiments were conducted across three agricultural soils: yellow soil (YS), paddy soil (PS), and red soil (RS). Soil aggregation and pH were measured after treatment with a range of NSHM doses. Bacterial and fungal diversity were analyzed via high-throughput sequencing under low (0.01% for YS and PS (m: m), 0.1% for RS (m: m)) and high (0.5% (m: m)) dose exposures. Phytotoxicity was evaluated through seed germination assays and seedling oxidative stress markers. Mantel tests established correlations between microbial shifts and plant responses.

Results

NSHM enhanced soil aggregation and modulated pH in all soils. Microbial diversity exhibited dose-dependent trade-offs: high doses reduced bacterial diversity, while low doses showed minimal impacts. NSHM consistently enriched stress-tolerant taxa (Actinobacteriota, e.g., Arthrobacter sp.; Ascomycota, e.g., Fusarium sp.). Low-dose NSHM promoted seed germination and reduced seedling oxidative stress, whereas high doses caused phytotoxicity. Mantel tests revealed significant correlations between microbial community shifts and plant responses in YS and PS.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate a beneficial role for low-dose NSHM in improving soil properties and plant growth. However, a critical dosage threshold exists, beyond which trade-offs emerge, including reduced bacterial diversity and enrichment of opportunistic pathogens. This study provides a critical safety assessment framework, establishing soil-specific dosage thresholds to guide sustainable agricultural use.