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Purpose <p>Fungi play a crucial role as soil microorganisms, mediating carbon and nitrogen dynamics while influencing nutrient availability for host plants. However, the regulatory effects of plants on fungal communities and the functional roles of soil fungi in plant-soil system dynamics, as well as the nitrogen transformation rates in different pH soils remain largely uncharacterized.</p> Methods <p>In this study, wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), a typical nitrate-preferring crop, was selected as the model plant in alkaline (AK) and acidic (AC) soils. After one month pot cultivation, the wheat planted soil (WS) and not planted (CK) soil samples were collected. Fungal community structure and diversity in soil samples were assessed through high-throughput sequencing of the ITS1 region. Plant samples were dried and sieved for nitrogen concentration and uptake rate analysis. The soil and plant nitrogen transformation rates were quantified using <sup>15</sup>N isotope techniques.</p> Results <p>We observed divergent responses of fungal community structure and diversity to wheat cultivation between AK and AC. In AC, wheat cultivation increased fungal copies and Ascomycita abundance, while in AK, fungal community structure and diversity shifts were contingent on DOC and nitrogen content. Notably, the cultivation of wheat in AK and AC soils significantly reduced the concentration of soil NH<sub>4</sub><sup>⁺</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>⁻</sup>, and significantly promoted the uptake rate of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>⁻</sup>. FUNGuild functional classification revealed a dominant of endomycorrhizal across all treatments. As the abundance of endomycorrhizal fungi increased with the decreased soil inorganic nitrogen. In contrast, ectomycorrhizal fungi abundance decreased. The abundance of endomycorrhizal fungi showed a strong positive correlation with the gross mineralization rate (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and the nitrification rate (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>Our findings suggest that wheat cultivation promotes the recruitment of endomycorrhizal fungi while stimulating soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification processes, ultimately enhancing nitrogen uptake efficiency in wheat plants. Those findings reveal the critical role of mycorrhizal fungi in mediating wheat nitrogen acquisition, underscoring the necessity of integrating endomycorrhizal fungi into nitrogen transformation models to refine the accuracy of simulating plant-soil nitrogen turnover dynamics.</p>

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Endomycorrhizal fungi improve soil nitrogen transformation rates and nitrogen uptake rates of nitrate-preferring plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Chang Zhao,
  • Shenyan Dai,
  • Shending Chen,
  • Chanjuan Hu,
  • Xiaoqian Dan,
  • Xiaoxiang He,
  • Jun Zhao,
  • Han Meng,
  • Zucong Cai,
  • Jinbo Zhang

摘要

Purpose

Fungi play a crucial role as soil microorganisms, mediating carbon and nitrogen dynamics while influencing nutrient availability for host plants. However, the regulatory effects of plants on fungal communities and the functional roles of soil fungi in plant-soil system dynamics, as well as the nitrogen transformation rates in different pH soils remain largely uncharacterized.

Methods

In this study, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a typical nitrate-preferring crop, was selected as the model plant in alkaline (AK) and acidic (AC) soils. After one month pot cultivation, the wheat planted soil (WS) and not planted (CK) soil samples were collected. Fungal community structure and diversity in soil samples were assessed through high-throughput sequencing of the ITS1 region. Plant samples were dried and sieved for nitrogen concentration and uptake rate analysis. The soil and plant nitrogen transformation rates were quantified using 15N isotope techniques.

Results

We observed divergent responses of fungal community structure and diversity to wheat cultivation between AK and AC. In AC, wheat cultivation increased fungal copies and Ascomycita abundance, while in AK, fungal community structure and diversity shifts were contingent on DOC and nitrogen content. Notably, the cultivation of wheat in AK and AC soils significantly reduced the concentration of soil NH4⁺ and NO3⁻, and significantly promoted the uptake rate of NO3⁻. FUNGuild functional classification revealed a dominant of endomycorrhizal across all treatments. As the abundance of endomycorrhizal fungi increased with the decreased soil inorganic nitrogen. In contrast, ectomycorrhizal fungi abundance decreased. The abundance of endomycorrhizal fungi showed a strong positive correlation with the gross mineralization rate (P < 0.05) and the nitrification rate (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that wheat cultivation promotes the recruitment of endomycorrhizal fungi while stimulating soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification processes, ultimately enhancing nitrogen uptake efficiency in wheat plants. Those findings reveal the critical role of mycorrhizal fungi in mediating wheat nitrogen acquisition, underscoring the necessity of integrating endomycorrhizal fungi into nitrogen transformation models to refine the accuracy of simulating plant-soil nitrogen turnover dynamics.