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Purpose <p>Widespread combined contamination of antimony and arsenic occurs in soils surrounding Sb mining areas. However, most studies on remediating Sb-As co-contaminated soil via soil amendments rely on indoor pot experiments, which leads to significant discrepancies between laboratory findings and field applications. Moreover, research on the key factors influencing Sb and As migration in the soil-vegetable system under amendment addition remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of amendment addition on the bioavailability of Sb and As in soil through field experiments, elucidate the migration and transformation mechanisms of Sb and As in the soil- cabbage system and identify the key influencing factors.</p> Materials and methods <p>Field experiments combined with structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to investigate the effects of lime (SH), polyferric sulfate (PFS), biochar (BC), and potassium humate (HA) (applied at 0%, 1%, and 2%) on soil chemical properties and the migration/accumulation of Sb and As in the Soil-Cabbage System.</p> Results and discussion <p>Soil pH was significantly altered (± 0.35–2.73 units) by amendment addition, with soil organic matter (OM), total N/P/K, and alkaline N increasing by 6.36% to 25.95% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, PFS, BC, and HA reduced the active forms of soil Sb and As (water-soluble (F1) + surface-adsorbed (F2) forms) by 23.88% to 50.66% and 58.35% to 80.43%, respectively, while the residual forms (F5) of Sb and As increased by 2.75% to 21.45% and 0.89% to 12.48%, respectively. Concurrently, the amendments effectively lowered the concentrations of Sb and As in cabbage by 12.86% to 52.82% and 28.26% to 70.46%, respectively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the concentrations of bioavailable Sb and As in the soil were correlated to factors such as soil texture, pH, OM, P, and K.</p> Conclusions <p>The four soil amendments effectively enhanced soil nutrient content, significantly reduced soil Sb and As bioavailability, and concurrently suppressed Sb and As uptake/accumulation in cabbage. Soil pH, OM, and available P were identified as key environmental factors regulating the accumulation of Sb and As in cabbage. Comprehensive analysis showed that applying 1% BC and HA has substantial potential to improve the quality of Sb-As co-contaminated agricultural soils, and this is crucial for the safe utilization of contaminated croplands.</p>

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Effects of different amendments on antimony and arsenic migration and accumulation in the soil-cabbage system in the antimony mining area

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Yuezhong Chen,
  • Pan Wu,
  • Qihang Li,
  • Bozhang Li,
  • Xuexian Li

摘要

Purpose

Widespread combined contamination of antimony and arsenic occurs in soils surrounding Sb mining areas. However, most studies on remediating Sb-As co-contaminated soil via soil amendments rely on indoor pot experiments, which leads to significant discrepancies between laboratory findings and field applications. Moreover, research on the key factors influencing Sb and As migration in the soil-vegetable system under amendment addition remains scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of amendment addition on the bioavailability of Sb and As in soil through field experiments, elucidate the migration and transformation mechanisms of Sb and As in the soil- cabbage system and identify the key influencing factors.

Materials and methods

Field experiments combined with structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to investigate the effects of lime (SH), polyferric sulfate (PFS), biochar (BC), and potassium humate (HA) (applied at 0%, 1%, and 2%) on soil chemical properties and the migration/accumulation of Sb and As in the Soil-Cabbage System.

Results and discussion

Soil pH was significantly altered (± 0.35–2.73 units) by amendment addition, with soil organic matter (OM), total N/P/K, and alkaline N increasing by 6.36% to 25.95% (P < 0.05). Additionally, PFS, BC, and HA reduced the active forms of soil Sb and As (water-soluble (F1) + surface-adsorbed (F2) forms) by 23.88% to 50.66% and 58.35% to 80.43%, respectively, while the residual forms (F5) of Sb and As increased by 2.75% to 21.45% and 0.89% to 12.48%, respectively. Concurrently, the amendments effectively lowered the concentrations of Sb and As in cabbage by 12.86% to 52.82% and 28.26% to 70.46%, respectively (P < 0.05). Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the concentrations of bioavailable Sb and As in the soil were correlated to factors such as soil texture, pH, OM, P, and K.

Conclusions

The four soil amendments effectively enhanced soil nutrient content, significantly reduced soil Sb and As bioavailability, and concurrently suppressed Sb and As uptake/accumulation in cabbage. Soil pH, OM, and available P were identified as key environmental factors regulating the accumulation of Sb and As in cabbage. Comprehensive analysis showed that applying 1% BC and HA has substantial potential to improve the quality of Sb-As co-contaminated agricultural soils, and this is crucial for the safe utilization of contaminated croplands.