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Purpose <p>Clarifying the source distribution and source-oriented human health risks of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil-dustfall-crop system is beneficial for accurately identifying the priority control factors and restoration areas.</p> Methods <p>In a typical mining area in Southwest China, a total of 284 samples of atmospheric fallout (59), soil (123), and crops (102) were collected, and the concentration values of seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined. The positive matrix factorization model (PMF) and Moran’s index were employed to identify and allocate the sources spatially, and the human health risks were apportioned via the source-oriented health risk assessment.</p> Results <p>The pollution of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the soil is the most serious, with their concentrations being 5 times, 22 times, 6 times, 5 times and 5 times the background values of the study area respectively. The concentration values of heavy metals in crops are higher than those in other regions, posing a potential threat to human health. The main sources of heavy metal pollution in the soil were industrial distribution (33.40%) and agricultural activities (29.50%), with the key control areas being the distribution of environmental protection enterprises and a Pb-Zn smelting site. Additionally, the health risk assessment oriented by heavy metal concentration indicated that As, Cd and Pb (carcinogenic risk &gt; 1 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) posed a greater threat to children, particularly through the ingestion of crops (&gt; 50%). The pollution source-oriented health risk assessment revealed that industrial and agricultural activities have the most significant impact on the carcinogenic risk (52.00%) and non-carcinogenic risk (36.00%) of heavy metal pollution in the soil-dustfall-crop.</p> Conclusions <p>As, Cd and Pb were the priority control factors in the assessment of heavy metal pollution sources and human health risks, while industrial activities and agricultural activities constitute the key control sources. This comprehensive assessment method provides targeted positioning for heavy metal pollution in the soil-dustfall-crop around industrial smelters and facilitates restoration and governance decisions.</p>

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Source identification and source-oriented human health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in soil - dustfall - crop around non-ferrous metal smelting slag yards

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • Ying Luo,
  • Zhe Wang,
  • Kai Ye,
  • Jia-qian Zhang,
  • Chao-Liang Peng,
  • Zhen-long Zhang,
  • Wen-xue Lin,
  • Jing-yan Zhang,
  • Yi-ming Chen,
  • Ling Hu

摘要

Purpose

Clarifying the source distribution and source-oriented human health risks of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil-dustfall-crop system is beneficial for accurately identifying the priority control factors and restoration areas.

Methods

In a typical mining area in Southwest China, a total of 284 samples of atmospheric fallout (59), soil (123), and crops (102) were collected, and the concentration values of seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined. The positive matrix factorization model (PMF) and Moran’s index were employed to identify and allocate the sources spatially, and the human health risks were apportioned via the source-oriented health risk assessment.

Results

The pollution of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the soil is the most serious, with their concentrations being 5 times, 22 times, 6 times, 5 times and 5 times the background values of the study area respectively. The concentration values of heavy metals in crops are higher than those in other regions, posing a potential threat to human health. The main sources of heavy metal pollution in the soil were industrial distribution (33.40%) and agricultural activities (29.50%), with the key control areas being the distribution of environmental protection enterprises and a Pb-Zn smelting site. Additionally, the health risk assessment oriented by heavy metal concentration indicated that As, Cd and Pb (carcinogenic risk > 1 × 10−6) posed a greater threat to children, particularly through the ingestion of crops (> 50%). The pollution source-oriented health risk assessment revealed that industrial and agricultural activities have the most significant impact on the carcinogenic risk (52.00%) and non-carcinogenic risk (36.00%) of heavy metal pollution in the soil-dustfall-crop.

Conclusions

As, Cd and Pb were the priority control factors in the assessment of heavy metal pollution sources and human health risks, while industrial activities and agricultural activities constitute the key control sources. This comprehensive assessment method provides targeted positioning for heavy metal pollution in the soil-dustfall-crop around industrial smelters and facilitates restoration and governance decisions.