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Purpose <p>In August 2019, Brazil experienced its greatest environmental disaster to date, involving an oil spill, which impacted the entire northeastern coastline, and the Pernambuco state coast was one of the regions most affected. In this work, we developed an analytical method to evaluate the contamination of sediment samples from the Pernambuco coast by aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were collected during a campaign conducted over two seasons after the 2019 oil spill.</p> Materials and methods <p>A methodology using ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was validated for quantification of 25 AHs and 16 priority PAHs. We have conducted ecotoxicity assays to determine the level of toxicity of samples.</p> Results and discussion <p>The maximum concentrations of AHs and PAHs were 9.81&#xa0;µg g<sup>−1</sup> and 3628.49 ng g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, with some of the PAHs exceeding the limit established in Brazilian legislation. The highest AHs and PAHs values were found for the summer period, with a greater abundance of high molecular weight compounds. The use of diagnostic ratios indicated environmental contamination from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. The petrogenic contamination could be attributed to oil spills and/or chronic pollution. We did not find a direct relationship between the ecotoxicity data and AHs or PAHs concentration.</p> Conclusions <p>Although the environment appeared to show some signs of recovery between the summer and winter sampling periods, the present findings and reports of the resurgence of oil indicate the need for continuing monitoring of the regions affected by the 2019 spill.</p>

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Assessment of petroleum hydrocarbons and ecotoxicity level in marine sediments after the mysterious 2019 oil spill in Northeast Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Thayane Cristina da Silva Moreira,
  • Estefani Santana do Nascimento,
  • Cristiane Maria Varela de Araújo-Castro,
  • Alex Souza Moraes,
  • Jandyson Machado Santos

摘要

Purpose

In August 2019, Brazil experienced its greatest environmental disaster to date, involving an oil spill, which impacted the entire northeastern coastline, and the Pernambuco state coast was one of the regions most affected. In this work, we developed an analytical method to evaluate the contamination of sediment samples from the Pernambuco coast by aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were collected during a campaign conducted over two seasons after the 2019 oil spill.

Materials and methods

A methodology using ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was validated for quantification of 25 AHs and 16 priority PAHs. We have conducted ecotoxicity assays to determine the level of toxicity of samples.

Results and discussion

The maximum concentrations of AHs and PAHs were 9.81 µg g−1 and 3628.49 ng g−1, respectively, with some of the PAHs exceeding the limit established in Brazilian legislation. The highest AHs and PAHs values were found for the summer period, with a greater abundance of high molecular weight compounds. The use of diagnostic ratios indicated environmental contamination from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. The petrogenic contamination could be attributed to oil spills and/or chronic pollution. We did not find a direct relationship between the ecotoxicity data and AHs or PAHs concentration.

Conclusions

Although the environment appeared to show some signs of recovery between the summer and winter sampling periods, the present findings and reports of the resurgence of oil indicate the need for continuing monitoring of the regions affected by the 2019 spill.