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Purpose <p>Chromium (Cr) toxicity is a significant threat to food and nutritional security. This study investigated the comparative effect of different organic amendments to immobilize Cr and mitigate its toxic effects on tomatoes.</p> Methods <p>Plants were stressed with Cr (0, 25, 50, and 100&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>) in a pot experiment, alone or in combination with various organic amendments viz<i>.</i> biochar (5% BC), iron-enriched biochar (0.5% Fe-BC), farmyard manure (5% FYM), and vermicompost (5% VC).</p> Results <p>Cr toxicity at 25 and 50&#xa0;ppm significantly reduced plant growth, membrane stability and relative water contents while plants did not survive at 100&#xa0;ppm Cr. Cr-induced oxidative damage increased by 1.9- and 2.7-fold under 25 and 50&#xa0;ppm Cr, respectively. However, application of organic amendments effectively alleviated Cr stress in tomato, with VC showing the most pronounced effect on growth. Tomato plants supplemented with VC under Cr stress exhibited a substantial increase in shoot length (2.3-fold), fresh weight (2.0-fold) and membrane stability (1.7-fold), respectively as compared to the stressed plants grown without VC. Notably, the addition of organic amendments enabled the plants to withstand the toxicity of 100&#xa0;ppm Cr. Organic amendments improved stress tolerance in tomato primarily due to reduced Cr uptake and increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD = 3.11-fold, CAT = 1.14-fold, POD = 2.95, and APX = 1.76-fold).</p> Conclusions <p>These findings underscore the potential of various organic amendments in mitigating Cr toxicity in plants, with VC demonstrating superior performance. Future research should focus on exploring optimal application and long-term effects of these amendments on soil health and crop productivity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Comparative assessment of biochar and vermicompost on chromium bioavailability and stress alleviation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Jamaluddin Kabir,
  • Muhammad Ansar Farooq,
  • Shumaila Parvez,
  • Aamir Alaud Din,
  • Ghulam Abbas,
  • Minggang Xu,
  • Muhammad Mohsin Abrar

摘要

Purpose

Chromium (Cr) toxicity is a significant threat to food and nutritional security. This study investigated the comparative effect of different organic amendments to immobilize Cr and mitigate its toxic effects on tomatoes.

Methods

Plants were stressed with Cr (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg kg−1) in a pot experiment, alone or in combination with various organic amendments viz. biochar (5% BC), iron-enriched biochar (0.5% Fe-BC), farmyard manure (5% FYM), and vermicompost (5% VC).

Results

Cr toxicity at 25 and 50 ppm significantly reduced plant growth, membrane stability and relative water contents while plants did not survive at 100 ppm Cr. Cr-induced oxidative damage increased by 1.9- and 2.7-fold under 25 and 50 ppm Cr, respectively. However, application of organic amendments effectively alleviated Cr stress in tomato, with VC showing the most pronounced effect on growth. Tomato plants supplemented with VC under Cr stress exhibited a substantial increase in shoot length (2.3-fold), fresh weight (2.0-fold) and membrane stability (1.7-fold), respectively as compared to the stressed plants grown without VC. Notably, the addition of organic amendments enabled the plants to withstand the toxicity of 100 ppm Cr. Organic amendments improved stress tolerance in tomato primarily due to reduced Cr uptake and increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD = 3.11-fold, CAT = 1.14-fold, POD = 2.95, and APX = 1.76-fold).

Conclusions

These findings underscore the potential of various organic amendments in mitigating Cr toxicity in plants, with VC demonstrating superior performance. Future research should focus on exploring optimal application and long-term effects of these amendments on soil health and crop productivity.

Graphical Abstract