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Purpose <p>Oil palm, sago, and coconut are key economic crops in Malaysia, but their processing generates large amounts of biomass waste. Pyrolyzing these wastes into biochar offers a sustainable solution, yet the pyrolysis characteristics and soil amendment potential of palm mesocarp fiber (PMF), sago fiber coarse (SFC), and sago trunk bark (STB) remain underexplored. This study investigates the physicochemical and pyrolysis characteristics of PMF, SFC, and STB at varying pyrolysis temperatures (300–700&#xa0;°C), and evaluates the potential of the derived biochars on soil fertility and paddy growth.</p> Methods <p>PMF, SFC, STB, and coconut shell (CS) were pyrolyzed at 300–700&#xa0;°C and characterized for elemental composition, specific surface area, and stability. Pyrolysis behavior was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and kinetic modeling (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, and Coats-Redfern methods). Pot trials evaluated the effects of biochar on soil fertility and paddy yield. Biochar stability and carbon sequestration potential were determined using the R₅₀ recalcitrance index.</p> Results <p>Among PMF, SFC, and STB biochars, PMF pyrolyzed at 500&#xa0;°C (PMF500) exhibited the best characteristics, including higher nitrogen content (1.11%), a balanced C/N ratio (61.49), a high cation exchange capacity (25.29 cmol/kg), and the lowest decomposition energy threshold. These properties led to a 7.3% increase in paddy yield. PMF500 also showed moderate stability (R₅₀ = 0.53) and a carbon sequestration potential (CSP) of 50.73%, supporting long-term carbon storage.</p> Conclusion <p>PMF-derived biochar improves soil fertility and carbon sequestration, making it a promising soil amendment. This study advances sustainable biomass utilization and soil management, with potential applications in climate mitigation in tropical regions.</p>

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Study of the pyrolysis characteristics and soil amendment potential of palm mesocarp fiber, sago fiber coarse, and sago trunk bark in Malaysia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Kah Ho Yeong,
  • Tao Liu,
  • Lee Tung Tan,
  • Jiuan Jing Chew,
  • Yin Wang

摘要

Purpose

Oil palm, sago, and coconut are key economic crops in Malaysia, but their processing generates large amounts of biomass waste. Pyrolyzing these wastes into biochar offers a sustainable solution, yet the pyrolysis characteristics and soil amendment potential of palm mesocarp fiber (PMF), sago fiber coarse (SFC), and sago trunk bark (STB) remain underexplored. This study investigates the physicochemical and pyrolysis characteristics of PMF, SFC, and STB at varying pyrolysis temperatures (300–700 °C), and evaluates the potential of the derived biochars on soil fertility and paddy growth.

Methods

PMF, SFC, STB, and coconut shell (CS) were pyrolyzed at 300–700 °C and characterized for elemental composition, specific surface area, and stability. Pyrolysis behavior was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and kinetic modeling (Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, and Coats-Redfern methods). Pot trials evaluated the effects of biochar on soil fertility and paddy yield. Biochar stability and carbon sequestration potential were determined using the R₅₀ recalcitrance index.

Results

Among PMF, SFC, and STB biochars, PMF pyrolyzed at 500 °C (PMF500) exhibited the best characteristics, including higher nitrogen content (1.11%), a balanced C/N ratio (61.49), a high cation exchange capacity (25.29 cmol/kg), and the lowest decomposition energy threshold. These properties led to a 7.3% increase in paddy yield. PMF500 also showed moderate stability (R₅₀ = 0.53) and a carbon sequestration potential (CSP) of 50.73%, supporting long-term carbon storage.

Conclusion

PMF-derived biochar improves soil fertility and carbon sequestration, making it a promising soil amendment. This study advances sustainable biomass utilization and soil management, with potential applications in climate mitigation in tropical regions.