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Purpose <p>Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are effective in reducing nitrification rates and nitrogen environmental losses. Yet, the combined effects of NIs with straw or biochar on soil nitrification and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) production remain unclear.</p> Materials and methods <p>In this study, we performed an aerobic <sup>15</sup>N microcosm incubation experiment to compare the effects of a biological nitrification inhibitor (methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, MHPP) and a synthetic nitrification inhibitor (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP), both in combination with straw or biochar, on gross N nitrification rates and N<sub>2</sub>O production rates.</p> Results and discussion <p>DMPP and MHPP significantly reduced gross nitrification rates by 54.7% and 31.2%, respectively. Sole biochar application increased soil nitrification rates 1.2 times while having a negligible impact on short-term N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. The co-application of nitrification inhibitors with biochar mitigated the stimulatory effects on nitrification. Straw inhibited nitrification slightly and stimulated N<sub>2</sub>O emission significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while co-application of DMPP and MHPP enhanced the inhibitory effect on nitrification by 41.4% and 62.3%, as well as reduced higher N<sub>2</sub>O emission. Nitrification inhibitors inhibited the abundance of the <i>amoA</i> gene in both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and the communities of AOB were more sensitive to nitrification inhibitors than AOA.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings indicated that combining nitrification inhibitors with straw or biochar can synergistically affect soil nitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Biochar co-applicated with DMPP showed the most significant effect on inhibiting nitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O production, positively influencing soil inorganic N retention.</p>

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Co-application of nitrification inhibitors with straw or biochar yielded varying effects on soil nitrification rate, N2O emissions, and ammonia oxidizers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Xiaoqian He,
  • Jiaju He,
  • Hongjie Shen,
  • Zhuo Zeng,
  • Di Zhao,
  • Cen Cheng,
  • Minghua Zhou,
  • Ting Lan

摘要

Purpose

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are effective in reducing nitrification rates and nitrogen environmental losses. Yet, the combined effects of NIs with straw or biochar on soil nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) production remain unclear.

Materials and methods

In this study, we performed an aerobic 15N microcosm incubation experiment to compare the effects of a biological nitrification inhibitor (methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, MHPP) and a synthetic nitrification inhibitor (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP), both in combination with straw or biochar, on gross N nitrification rates and N2O production rates.

Results and discussion

DMPP and MHPP significantly reduced gross nitrification rates by 54.7% and 31.2%, respectively. Sole biochar application increased soil nitrification rates 1.2 times while having a negligible impact on short-term N2O emissions. The co-application of nitrification inhibitors with biochar mitigated the stimulatory effects on nitrification. Straw inhibited nitrification slightly and stimulated N2O emission significantly (p < 0.05), while co-application of DMPP and MHPP enhanced the inhibitory effect on nitrification by 41.4% and 62.3%, as well as reduced higher N2O emission. Nitrification inhibitors inhibited the abundance of the amoA gene in both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and the communities of AOB were more sensitive to nitrification inhibitors than AOA.

Conclusion

Our findings indicated that combining nitrification inhibitors with straw or biochar can synergistically affect soil nitrification and N2O emissions. Biochar co-applicated with DMPP showed the most significant effect on inhibiting nitrification and N2O production, positively influencing soil inorganic N retention.