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Purpose <p><i>Phyllostachys praecox</i> forest is one of the pivotal bamboo species for edible shoot in southern China. However, extensive mulching practices in <i>Phyllostachys praecox</i> forests have induced a non-flooding soil hypoxia situation, which may profoundly influence soil nitrogen transformation, and utilization.</p> Method <p>A simulated incubation experiment was set up to explore soil nitrogen transformation, related enzymes, and soil microbial community under different hypoxic conditions (OC_0, OC_5, OC_10, OC_20, representing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% oxygen content, respectively).</p> Results <p>According to our results, under OC_0, and OC_5 anoxic conditions, a significant decrease in soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N content was observed, accompanied by an increase in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N accumulation at the end of the incubation period. Urease activity was suppressed while nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase activities were enhanced. The emissions of N<sub>2</sub>O are mainly concentrated in the early stage of the incubation period, and the cumulative emissions increase with the decrease of oxygen content. Incubation OC_0 led to a notable reduction in soil microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen by 16.79%, and 13.25% compared to OC_20. The diversity of the soil microbial community decreased with the decreasing oxygen level, although 5% oxygen content resulted in an enhanced microbial community diversity. Furthermore, the dominant phylum, and genus of the soil microbial community remained consistent across varying oxygen contents, while there were significant differences in their relative abundance. Functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa predicted that OC_0, and OC_5 significantly increased the relative abundance of bacterial communities associated with nitrate reduction, denitrification, and aerobic ammonia oxidation.</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, this study illustrated that soil hypoxia in <i>Phyllostachys praecox</i> forest can induce alterations in soil nitrogen composition, enzyme activities, and microbial communities, which is not benefit for nitrogen transformation, and utilization, ultimately raising the risk of soil nitrogen loss. This scenario is detrimental to the growth, and management of <i>Phyllostachys praecox</i> forests with mulching.</p>

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Responses of nitrogen conversion, related enzyme activity, and microbial community to soil hypoxia in a simulated Phyllostachys praecox forest with mulching

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月30日

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  • Yuhe Zhang,
  • Yunfei Yu,
  • Shunyao Zhuang

摘要

Purpose

Phyllostachys praecox forest is one of the pivotal bamboo species for edible shoot in southern China. However, extensive mulching practices in Phyllostachys praecox forests have induced a non-flooding soil hypoxia situation, which may profoundly influence soil nitrogen transformation, and utilization.

Method

A simulated incubation experiment was set up to explore soil nitrogen transformation, related enzymes, and soil microbial community under different hypoxic conditions (OC_0, OC_5, OC_10, OC_20, representing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% oxygen content, respectively).

Results

According to our results, under OC_0, and OC_5 anoxic conditions, a significant decrease in soil NO3−-N content was observed, accompanied by an increase in NH4+-N accumulation at the end of the incubation period. Urease activity was suppressed while nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase activities were enhanced. The emissions of N2O are mainly concentrated in the early stage of the incubation period, and the cumulative emissions increase with the decrease of oxygen content. Incubation OC_0 led to a notable reduction in soil microbial biomass carbon, and nitrogen by 16.79%, and 13.25% compared to OC_20. The diversity of the soil microbial community decreased with the decreasing oxygen level, although 5% oxygen content resulted in an enhanced microbial community diversity. Furthermore, the dominant phylum, and genus of the soil microbial community remained consistent across varying oxygen contents, while there were significant differences in their relative abundance. Functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa predicted that OC_0, and OC_5 significantly increased the relative abundance of bacterial communities associated with nitrate reduction, denitrification, and aerobic ammonia oxidation.

Conclusion

Overall, this study illustrated that soil hypoxia in Phyllostachys praecox forest can induce alterations in soil nitrogen composition, enzyme activities, and microbial communities, which is not benefit for nitrogen transformation, and utilization, ultimately raising the risk of soil nitrogen loss. This scenario is detrimental to the growth, and management of Phyllostachys praecox forests with mulching.