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Purpose <p>Long-term tea plantations may exacerbate soil acidification, affect soil properties, and alter the bacterial community, potentially leading to a decline in soil fertility. However, the nature and strength of the interactive relationships among soil properties, bacterial community, and enzyme activity in long-term tea plantations remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>Here, to investigate these effects, soil samples were collected from tea plantations of varying ages (30, 50, and 70 years), as well as from nearby cultivated land (CL) and forest land (FL).</p> Results <p>Distinct microbial composition restructuring in long-term tea cultivation, with 70-year-old plantations exhibiting enriched <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Actinobacteria</i>, concomitant with depleted <i>Acidobacteria</i> and <i>Chloroflexi</i> relative to FL. Notably, tea orchards demonstrated significantly reduced bacterial alpha diversity indices compared to both CL and FL except for Simpson index, yet no age-dependent variations were observed across plantation chronosequences. Soil bacterial community composition is highly correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) and alkaline phosphatase (ACP) activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), as well as moderately correlated with clay content and the C: N (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Soil bacterial community diversity shows a strong correlation with clay content (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and moderate correlations with soil water content (SWC), pH, and ALP activity (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Structural equation modeling suggests that soil bacterial community composition and enzyme activities directly impact soil nutrient contents (<i>r =</i> 0.84, <i>P &lt;</i> 0.01; <i>r =</i> 0.77, <i>P &lt;</i> 0.05), while soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community diversity play an indirect role in influencing soil nutrient contents.</p> Conclusion <p>Collectively, this study demonstrates that the tea plantation age affects the soil bacterial community composition and diversity and reveals the driving mechanisms of soil nutrients under tea plantations.</p>

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Response of soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and bacterial community variation to tea plantation age in a subtropical hilly region of China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月26日

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  • Qi Shao,
  • Xuefeng Xie,
  • Lijie Pu,
  • Lingyue Zhu,
  • Michael Meadows,
  • Tao Wu,
  • Guojun Jiang,
  • Fei Xu

摘要

Purpose

Long-term tea plantations may exacerbate soil acidification, affect soil properties, and alter the bacterial community, potentially leading to a decline in soil fertility. However, the nature and strength of the interactive relationships among soil properties, bacterial community, and enzyme activity in long-term tea plantations remain unclear.

Methods

Here, to investigate these effects, soil samples were collected from tea plantations of varying ages (30, 50, and 70 years), as well as from nearby cultivated land (CL) and forest land (FL).

Results

Distinct microbial composition restructuring in long-term tea cultivation, with 70-year-old plantations exhibiting enriched Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, concomitant with depleted Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi relative to FL. Notably, tea orchards demonstrated significantly reduced bacterial alpha diversity indices compared to both CL and FL except for Simpson index, yet no age-dependent variations were observed across plantation chronosequences. Soil bacterial community composition is highly correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) and alkaline phosphatase (ACP) activity (P < 0.01), as well as moderately correlated with clay content and the C: N (P < 0.05). Soil bacterial community diversity shows a strong correlation with clay content (P < 0.01) and moderate correlations with soil water content (SWC), pH, and ALP activity (P < 0.05). Structural equation modeling suggests that soil bacterial community composition and enzyme activities directly impact soil nutrient contents (r = 0.84, P < 0.01; r = 0.77, P < 0.05), while soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community diversity play an indirect role in influencing soil nutrient contents.

Conclusion

Collectively, this study demonstrates that the tea plantation age affects the soil bacterial community composition and diversity and reveals the driving mechanisms of soil nutrients under tea plantations.