Purpose High pH; high concentrations of Na+, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11368_2024_3953_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11368_2024_3953_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mathrm{HCO}_3^-$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">HCO</mi> <mn>3</mn> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>; and nutrient deficiency are the main limiting factors in soda saline‒alkali soil. This study proposes a novel and effective method for ameliorating soda saline‒alkali soil in Northeast China, and further explores the underlying mechanism of this method. Methods In this study, a pot experiment was conducted. Vermicompost (V), traditional compost (T), and maize straw (S) were used individually or in combination (V + S and T + S) to improve saline alkali-soil. The control group (CK) was set without any external addition. Physical and chemical indicators and microbial community structures were analyzed at different stages to reveal remediation mechanisms. Results Compared with those in the CK treatment, the greatest decreases in pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, and (+ were observed in the V treatment, with values of 0.61 units, 59.41%, and 42.70%, respectively. The highest contents of humic acid and fulvic acid appeared in the V treatment, which, compared with those in the CK treatment, increased by 106 and 649%, respectively. The V + S treatment resulted in the highest urease activity, 0.84 mg ‒N g−1 (24 h)−1. Compared with those in the CK treatment, the relative abundance of Bacillaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae in the V + S treatment increased by 10.41, 137, 285 and 241%, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that Pseudomonas, Bacillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were the dominant bacteria in the V + S treatment. The V + S treatment resulted in the highest alfalfa aboveground biomass, which was 2.73 times greater than that in the CK treatment. Conclusions The results indicate that vermicompost best eliminates salt‒alkali barriers. The combined application of vermicompost and maize straw promoted the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms. Both vermicompost alone and vermicompost in combination with maize straw significantly improved the soda saline–alkali soil.

Remediation of soda saline-alkali soil using vermicompost: the remediation mechanisms and enhanced improvement by maize straw

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年1月4日

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Zhichen Liu,
Yingxin Huang,
Lixin Xu,
Jiaolin Li,
Lei Zhang,
Yan Zhang,
Jian Wang,
Yuxiang Chen

摘要

Purpose

High pH; high concentrations of Na⁺, $\mathrm{CO}_3^{2-}$ ${CO}_{3}^{2 -}$ and $\mathrm{HCO}_3^-$ ${HCO}_{3}^{-}$ ; and nutrient deficiency are the main limiting factors in soda saline‒alkali soil. This study proposes a novel and effective method for ameliorating soda saline‒alkali soil in Northeast China, and further explores the underlying mechanism of this method.

Methods

In this study, a pot experiment was conducted. Vermicompost (V), traditional compost (T), and maize straw (S) were used individually or in combination (V + S and T + S) to improve saline alkali-soil. The control group (CK) was set without any external addition. Physical and chemical indicators and microbial community structures were analyzed at different stages to reveal remediation mechanisms.

Results

Compared with those in the CK treatment, the greatest decreases in pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, and (+ were observed in the V treatment, with values of 0.61 units, 59.41%, and 42.70%, respectively. The highest contents of humic acid and fulvic acid appeared in the V treatment, which, compared with those in the CK treatment, increased by 106 and 649%, respectively. The V + S treatment resulted in the highest urease activity, 0.84 mg ‒N g⁻¹ (24 h)⁻¹. Compared with those in the CK treatment, the relative abundance of Bacillaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae in the V + S treatment increased by 10.41, 137, 285 and 241%, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that Pseudomonas, Bacillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were the dominant bacteria in the V + S treatment. The V + S treatment resulted in the highest alfalfa aboveground biomass, which was 2.73 times greater than that in the CK treatment.

Conclusions

The results indicate that vermicompost best eliminates salt‒alkali barriers. The combined application of vermicompost and maize straw promoted the recruitment of beneficial microorganisms. Both vermicompost alone and vermicompost in combination with maize straw significantly improved the soda saline–alkali soil.