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Purpose <p>Hospital beds (HBs), as durable medical devices (DMDs), are essential components of healthcare infrastructure and system resilience. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of HB assembly manufacturing and establishes a baseline footprint to inform strategies for sustainable healthcare production.</p> Method <p>In line with ISO 14,040/14,044 standards, a cradle-to-gate system boundary was defined, covering welding, deburring, polishing, pretreatment, drying, painting, and packaging. The study combined primary inventory data from manufacturing processes with secondary datasets to quantify environmental impacts across ten categories, to ensure consistency with national sustainability initiatives.</p> Results <p>Sensitivity analysis highlighted electricity and silicon carbide as dominant factors to the impact categories of global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), and human toxicity potential (HTP), while uncertainty analysis confirmed result robustness. The GWP was calculated at 41.90&#xa0;kg-CO₂-eq per HB unit, placing it between disposable medical devices (MDs) and resource-intensive electronic equipment. Scenario modeling showed that transitioning to cleaner electricity and substituting silicon carbide with aluminum oxide could substantially reduce impacts.</p> Conclusion <p>This study provides the first baseline environmental profile of HB assembly manufacturing in Indonesia. Results highlight electricity consumption and deburring process as major contributors, underscoring the need for energy optimization and process-level improvements to mitigate environmental burdens. These insights can inform both manufacturers and policymakers in advancing sustainable MD production.</p>

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Life cycle assessment of hospital bed assembly manufacturing: a baseline study of environmental impacts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Ahmad Ismed Yanuar,
  • Nadirah Nadirah,
  • Bambang Rustianto,
  • Irhan Febijanto,
  • Adolf Leopold Sihol Marusaha Sihombing,
  • Hismiaty Bahua,
  • Inna Zulfa Kurniawati,
  • Febrian Isharyadi,
  • Agam Wira Sani,
  • Zulwelly Murti,
  • Hermawan Febriansyah,
  • Rudi Herdioso,
  • I. Made Agus Dharma Susila,
  • Edy Syamsuddin,
  • Nizam Ghazali,
  • Susanto Sudiro

摘要

Purpose

Hospital beds (HBs), as durable medical devices (DMDs), are essential components of healthcare infrastructure and system resilience. This study evaluates the environmental impacts of HB assembly manufacturing and establishes a baseline footprint to inform strategies for sustainable healthcare production.

Method

In line with ISO 14,040/14,044 standards, a cradle-to-gate system boundary was defined, covering welding, deburring, polishing, pretreatment, drying, painting, and packaging. The study combined primary inventory data from manufacturing processes with secondary datasets to quantify environmental impacts across ten categories, to ensure consistency with national sustainability initiatives.

Results

Sensitivity analysis highlighted electricity and silicon carbide as dominant factors to the impact categories of global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), and human toxicity potential (HTP), while uncertainty analysis confirmed result robustness. The GWP was calculated at 41.90 kg-CO₂-eq per HB unit, placing it between disposable medical devices (MDs) and resource-intensive electronic equipment. Scenario modeling showed that transitioning to cleaner electricity and substituting silicon carbide with aluminum oxide could substantially reduce impacts.

Conclusion

This study provides the first baseline environmental profile of HB assembly manufacturing in Indonesia. Results highlight electricity consumption and deburring process as major contributors, underscoring the need for energy optimization and process-level improvements to mitigate environmental burdens. These insights can inform both manufacturers and policymakers in advancing sustainable MD production.