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<p>This study aimed to analyze the associations between cognitive function and factors linked to risk of falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A cross-sectional design was applied in 129 older adults (mean age: 69.93 ± 3.84&#xa0;years) diagnosed with MCI. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the MMSE, MoCA, Isaacs Test, Trail Making Test (TMT-A, TMT-B), D2 Test, and DSST. Risk of falls was assessed through the Tinetti Test, ABC-16 scale, and FES-I. Additional measures included gait speed, grip strength, and global physical function. Average MMSE and MoCA scores were 20.97 and 21.45, respectively. Regression models showed significant associations between cognitive and physical outcomes. Lower MMSE scores were related to weaker grip, slower gait, and greater risk of falls (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.053;<i> p</i> &lt; 0.05). Lower MoCA scores was associated with reduced physical function, lower balance confidence, increased fear of falling, weaker grip, and higher risk of falls (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.107;<i> p</i> &lt; 0.05). Isaacs performance was linked to grip strength, gait, balance, and fear of falling (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.126;<i> p</i> &lt; 0.05). Both TMT-A and TMT-B correlated with grip, balance confidence, and risk of falls; TMT-A also with gait speed (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.059) and TMT-B with physical function (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.087). D2 scores were associated with function, gait, balance, and risk of falls (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.173 and 0.153). DSST performance correlated with all physical and psychological outcomes (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.133;<i> p</i> &lt; 0.05). Cognitive performance is closely tied to physical and psychological factors associated with risk of falls in older adults with MCI. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive, multidimensional assessments to identify risk profiles and develop targeted preventive interventions.</p>

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Factors associated with the risk of falls and their relationship with cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • María del Mar Carcelén-Fraile,
  • María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile,
  • Fidel Hita-Contreras,
  • Yolanda Castellote-Caballero,
  • Agustín Aibar-Almazán

摘要

This study aimed to analyze the associations between cognitive function and factors linked to risk of falls in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A cross-sectional design was applied in 129 older adults (mean age: 69.93 ± 3.84 years) diagnosed with MCI. Cognitive performance was evaluated with the MMSE, MoCA, Isaacs Test, Trail Making Test (TMT-A, TMT-B), D2 Test, and DSST. Risk of falls was assessed through the Tinetti Test, ABC-16 scale, and FES-I. Additional measures included gait speed, grip strength, and global physical function. Average MMSE and MoCA scores were 20.97 and 21.45, respectively. Regression models showed significant associations between cognitive and physical outcomes. Lower MMSE scores were related to weaker grip, slower gait, and greater risk of falls (R2 = 0.053; p < 0.05). Lower MoCA scores was associated with reduced physical function, lower balance confidence, increased fear of falling, weaker grip, and higher risk of falls (R2 = 0.107; p < 0.05). Isaacs performance was linked to grip strength, gait, balance, and fear of falling (R2 = 0.126; p < 0.05). Both TMT-A and TMT-B correlated with grip, balance confidence, and risk of falls; TMT-A also with gait speed (R2 = 0.059) and TMT-B with physical function (R2 = 0.087). D2 scores were associated with function, gait, balance, and risk of falls (R2 = 0.173 and 0.153). DSST performance correlated with all physical and psychological outcomes (R2 = 0.133; p < 0.05). Cognitive performance is closely tied to physical and psychological factors associated with risk of falls in older adults with MCI. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive, multidimensional assessments to identify risk profiles and develop targeted preventive interventions.